Some common examples of acids are hydrosulfuric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydrochloric acid, hydroiodic and hydrofluoric acid, while some common bases are calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide. The acidity or basicity of a substance is measured on the pH scale. Acids increase the concentration of hydronium ions when dissolved in water, whereas bases decrease it.
Hydrochloric acid is represented by the chemical formula HCl, and it is used industrially in the production of PVC plastics, gelatin, cleaning products and polyurethanes among other uses. Hydrochloric acid is known as a monoprotic acid because it loses one hydrogen ion when it is dissolved in water. It is one of seven strong acids. The base sodium hydroxide is more commonly known as lye. It is used in the manufacture of products such as soap, paper and detergent. Sodium hydroxide is represented by the chemical formula NaOH. Hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide react together to produce sodium chloride and water. Hydrosulfuric acid is produced when hydrogen sulfide is dissolved in water, and it is an organic acid. The chemical formula for the base calcium hydroxide is Ca(OH)2.
Base types include Brønsted bases, Lewis bases, organic bases, strong bases, superbases and non-nucleophilic weak bases. Acid types include Brønsted acids, Lewis acids, mineral acids, organic acids, strong acids, superacids and weak acids.
