Most experts advise that, when one is trying to compare rifle calibers, it is important to handle as many different kinds of rifles as possible. Based on set policies, some local rifle ranges that are well stocked permit individuals to touch rifles, hold them and even shoot targets to get a feel for the best fit. One can study various gun models, accessories and gun ergonomics. Gun shops can
. provide additional information.The average marksman hunts rabbits and squirrels with .22 long-range rifles. The hunting range is generally less than 50 yards while targets for formal competitions can go a far as 100 yards.The M1A SOCOM rifle is a frequent choice because of its solid feel and handling. It is noted for having minimal recoil, which helps with follow-up shots. It is easy to accessorize and has an integral muzzle brake, venting gasses at two and 10 o'clock.As a rule, no formal long-range target shooting is performed with the 9 mm carbine or light automatic rifles. The 9 mm is a defense cartridge, somewhat large for shooting small game and usually weaker than needed for larger game.Technically, the .223 and 5.56 caliber rifles are not identical cartridges, but the kinetic energy of both is about 1,200 foot-pounds. The .223 range is approximately 550 yards while the 5.56 can reach up to 600 yards for formal targets. Both the .223 and 5.56 calibers are used mainly for hunting varmints, from coyotes to cows. Some hunters use the rifles for deer although there is the possibility that they are not powerful enough. Some states prohibit the use of the rifles for deer.The .308 Winchester and 7.62 x 51 NATO military surplus rifles are similar but have different cartridge makeup and chamber sizes. The semi-automatic rifles have chambers that are thicker and longer than in commercial rifles like the Remington 700. They have range out to 1,000 yards and kinetic energy of 2,400-3,000 foot-pounds. The .308 is a popular sniping round for law enforcement agencies, the United States Marine Corps and many large-game hunters. It is highly functional in windy weather. However, the .243 rifles are more lethal.The 7.62 x 39 rifles, similar to .30-30 Winchesters, are not noted to accuracy. With 150-200 cartridges, they are used for light hunting of animals like whitetail deer. The 7.62 x 54 rifles, like 8 mm rifles are more powerful than the .308 for hand-loading purposes, but they are not as widely used.More reference links: http://www.chuckhawks.com/rifle_ballistics_table.htm http://www.gunnersden.com/index.htm.rifle-cartridges-ballistics.html
