The rotator cuff consists of a group of muscles and tendons that help to stabilize the shoulder. The four major muscles are the subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor. Sometimes the tendons of the rotator cuff suffer damage, and the patient must deal with a rotator cuff tear.The most common causes of a torn rotator cuff include trauma, overuse or wear and tear. Trauma
. typically occurs as the result of an automobile accident or suffering another type of blow to the shoulder. People whose cuffs are torn because of overuse or wear and tear are often athletes who frequently raise or wave their arms above their hands. Examples include boxers, football quarterbacks, tennis players and swimmers. Degeneration of the cuff due to normal aging can also result in a tear. Tears typically develop over a period of time rather than occurring suddenly.The most common symptoms of rotator cuff injuries are pain and weakness in the damaged shoulder. If the rotator cuff is torn completely, the pain is sometimes constant. Other symptoms include shoulder weakness and loss of motion. Symptoms often worsen during the morning or at night, especially if the patient lies on the injured arm. The individual might experience difficulty with fully extending the arm, reaching overhead or picking up items. Early warning signs that might occur before the cuff actually tears include stiffness, swelling and weakness.To diagnose the problem correctly, the patient should visit a doctor. A physician usually performs a physical examination and takes X-rays to determine the extent of the problem. Many rotator cuff tears heal on their own or do not require surgery. Resting the shoulder is usually advised. Within the first 24 hours after the injury occurs, applying ice can cut down on the pain. Steroids reduce inflammation, while physical therapy can help to return the proper range of motion to the afflicted arm. If surgery is necessary, either an arthroscopic or open procedure is a possibility. More reference links: http://ehealthmd.com/content/what-rotator-cuff http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/rotator-cuff-injury/DS00192
