v1.7 Updated 13 September 2008
MEDIEVAL lANDs
Welcome to the first edition of Charles Cawley's Medieval Lands, the encyclopaedia of territories in the medieval western world and the royal and noble families which ruled them. The publication is hosted on the website of the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, with their kind permission.
In this project, the families of rulers and nobility of more than 140 different geographical and political entities in medieval Europe and western Asia are being reconstructed from scratch. The process involves extracting and analysing detailed information from primary sources, including contemporary chronicles, cartularies, necrologies and testaments. The results are presented as narrative outline genealogies. Information on each individual is shown in "mini-biography" form, with extracts from source material quoted in the original language. Marriages and other connections between families are hyperlinked to enable easy navigation between the different documents. The period covered is the thousand years between 500 and 1500, although more emphasis has been placed on presenting source material for the first six hundred years of this timeframe.
This "back-to-basics" approach has enabled numerous new discoveries to be made and many challenges to traditionally accepted genealogies to be proposed. In addition, the territorial emphasis concentrates attention on how each location evolved in the context of the families which were fundamental to its development. The broad scope of the project also allows innovative comparative conclusions to be drawn on the differences in the role and influence of the nobility in different parts of the continent, and how this position changed over time.
The documents are constantly being expanded and updated, progressively to versions 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, and 1.4, as indicated below.
A more detailed explanation of the objectives of the project, and instructions on how to use the documents, are included in the INTRODUCTION.
Information extracted from source material is fully referenced in the endnotes in each document. Details of the primary and secondary works consulted are included in the BIBLIOGRAPHY, which is categorised by geographic area.
The full contents of each document are shown below. An Introduction at the start of each document provides background material on the history and development of each territory or region. Follow the hyperlinks to open the documents. The geographical categorisation is approximate and reflects medieval, rather than present-day, reality.
BALKANS & EASTERN EUROPE
· ALBANIA. Family of PROGON. Lords of EPIRUS (Angelos) 1215-1318. THOPIA. ARANITI. MUSACHI. CASTRIOTI. (Version 1.2)
· BOSNIA. Early Bans of BOSNIA, Bans of BOSNIA (Kotromanić). Knez of ZAHUMLJE/HUM/HERZEGOVINA, Dukes of SAINT SAVA (Vjiševići, Nemanjić, Kosača). Župan of DOLNJI KRAJI/LOWER BOSNIA, Dukes of SPLIT. Other Bosnian Nobility: HRVATINIĆI, KOSAČA. (Version 1.2)
· BULGARIA. Khans of the BULGARS 802-852. Princes of the BULGARIANS 852-913. Tsars of the first BULGARIAN Empire 913-971, 997-1018 and 1041-1041. Tsars of the second BULGARIAN Empire 1186-1393. (Version 1.2)
· BYZANTIUM, 395-1057. Emperors in the East 395-717. Emperors of BYZANTIUM 717-1057: Isaurian, Armenian, Armorium, Macedonian Dynasties, LEKAPENOS, PHOCAS, TZIMISCES, ARGYROS, Paphlagonian Dynasty, MONOMACHOS, STRATIKIOS. (Version 1.4)
· BYZANTIUM, 1057-1204. Emperors of BYZANTIUM 1057-1204 (Komnenos, Dukas, Diogenes, Botaneiates, Angelos, Murzuphlos, Bryennios, Melissenos, Branas). (Version 1.4)
· BYZANTIUM, 1261-1453. Emperors of BYZANTIUM 1261-1453 (Palaiologos and Kantakuzenos). (Version 1.4)
· BYZANTIUM, Nobility. Early Byzantine Nobility. ANEMAS, APOKAVKOS, AXUCHES, CHRYSELIOS, DALASSENOS, DASIOTES, DOKEIANOS, EUPHORBENOS, GABRAS, IASITES, KALAMANOS, KAMATEROS, KAMYTZES, KARANTENOS, KASTAMONITES, KEROULARIOS, KONTOSTEPHANOS, MAKREMBOLITES, MAVROZOMES, METACHITES, MOUSELE, MOUZALON, PEGANITES, PETRALIPHAS, PHILANTHROPENOS, RALLIS [RAOUL], ROGERIOS, STRATEGOPOULOS, SYNADENOS, SYRGIANNES, TARCHANAIOTES, TARONITES, TORNIKIOS. (Version 1.3)
· CONSTANTINOPLE, Latin Empire. Latin Emperors of CONSTANTINOPLE 1204-1261. (Version 1.1)
· CROATIA. Leaders of DALMATIAN CROATIA, Dukes of CROATIA 845-925 (Trpimirović). Kings of CROATIA 925-1091 (Trpimirović). Kings of CROATIA 1075-1091. Other Croatian Nobility, Bans of CROATIA: ŠUBIĆ, GARAY, Counts of CILLI/CELJE, FRANKEPAN/FRANGEPANI, TALOVAC. (Version 1.1)
· GREECE, Latin Lordships. Prince of ACHAIA 1205-1208 (Champlitte). Princes of ACHAIA 1209-1278 (Villehardouin). Baronies in Achaia: Barons of AKOVA (MATAGRIFON), Barons of CHALANDRITZA, Barons of KALAVRYTA, Barons of KARYTAINA, Barons of PASSAVA. Barons of ARCADIA 1345-1460 (Zaccaria). Barons of ARGOS and NAUPLION. Lords and Dukes of ATHENS 1205-1435. Marchesi of BOUDONITZA. Lords of CHIOS 1304-1329. Lords of EUBŒA. Counts of KEFALONIA [1194]-1325 (Orsini). Counts of KEFALONIA 1357-(Tocco). Lords of LESBOS 1355-1462 (Gattilusio). Lords of MYKONOS (Ghisi). Dukes of NAXOS 1207-1566. Lords and Counts of SALONA. Lords of THEBES 1240-1314 (Saint-Omer). (Version 1.2)
· HUNGARY. Kings of the OSTROGOTHS in Pannonia. Kings of the GEPIDS. HUNS. Kings of the LOMBARDS in Pannonia. Leaders of PANNONIAN CROATIA. Princes of HUNGARY (Magyars). Kings of HUNGARY 1000-1540. (Version 1.2)
· MONTENEGRO. Knez of DUKLJA. Kings of DUKLJA. Grand Knez of ZETA (Nemanjić of Serbia). Lords of 14th century ZETA, ŽARKOVIĆI, BALŠIĆI, CRNOJEVIĆI/DJURAŠEVIĆI. (Version 1.1)
· SERBIA. Knez of SERBIA [850]-960. Župan of RAŠKA/SERBIA 1083-1106. Grand Župan of SERBIA [1106]-1166. Grand Župan of SERBIA 1166-1217 (Nemanjići). Kings of SERBIA 1217-1346, Tsars of SERBIA 1346-1371 (Nemanjići). Kings of SERBIA 1365-1395 (Mrnjavčevići). Princes of SERBIA (Lazarovići, Brankovići). (Version 1.2)
· THESSALONIKI. Lords of THESSALONIKI (Angelos) 1224, Emperors 1225-1242. Lords of THESSALY (NEOPATRAS) (Angelos) 1267-1318. (Version 1.1)
BRITISH ISLES
· ENGLAND, Anglo-Saxon & Danish Kings. Kings of the EAST ANGLES (EAST ANGLIA) 571-mid 9th century. Kings of the EAST SAXONS (ESSEX) 587-826. Kings of KENT 488-825. Kings of MERCIA 560-877. Kings of DEIRA, BERNICIA and NORTHUMBRIA 547-954. Kings of the SOUTH SAXONS (SUSSEX) 491-686. Kings of WESSEX 500-944. Kings of ENGLAND 944-1066. (Version 1.2)
· ENGLAND, Anglo-Saxon Nobility. Ealdormen of EAST ANGLIA. Ealdormen of ESSEX. Ealdormen and Earls of MERCIA. Ealdormen and Earls of NORTHUMBRIA. Earls of WESSEX. Ealdormen of WILTSHIRE. Other unconnected Anglo-Saxon Nobility. (Version 1.2)
· ENGLAND, Kings 1066-1603. Kings of ENGLAND. Earls of LANCASTER. de BOTETOURT. BEAUFORT. TUDOR. (Version 1.3)
· ENGLAND, Earls - creations 1067-1122. ENGLISH EARLDOMS created between 1067 and 1122: EARLS of CHESTER (1071). EARLS of HEREFORD (1067). EARLS of HUNTINGDON (1070). EARLS of KENT (1067). EARLS of NORFOLK (1067). EARLS of SHREWSBURY (1074). EARLS of SURREY (1088). EARLS of WARWICK (1088). Earls of BUCKINGHAM ([1097]). EARLS of LEICESTER ([1107]). EARLS of GLOUCESTER (1122). (Version 1.3)
· ENGLAND, Earls - creations 1138-1143. ENGLISH EARLDOMS created between 1138 and 1143: EARLS of ARUNDEL ([1138/39]). Earls of CORNWALL (1141). EARLS of DERBY (1138). EARLS of DEVON (1141). EARLS of ESSEX (1140). EARLS of HERTFORD ([1138]). EARLS of LINCOLN (1141). EARLS of NORTHUMBERLAND (1139). EARLS of OXFORD (1142). EARLS of PEMBROKE (1138). EARLS of SALISBURY ([1143]). (Version 1.2)
· ENGLAND, Earls - creations 1207-1466. ENGLISH EARLDOMS created between 1207 and 1397: EARLS of WINCHESTER (1207). EARLS of MARCH (1328). EARLS of SUFFOLK (1337). EARLS of STAFFORD (1351). EARLS of WESTMORELAND (1397). Earls RIVERS (1466). (Version 1.2)
· UNTITLED ENGLISH NOBILITY. Other mainly untitled English nobility: AVENELL. BEAUCHAMP. BRIOUSE. CHAWORTH. CLIFFORD. CORBET. COURCY. CRISPIN. DOVER. DUNSTANVILLE. FITZRICHARD. FITZWALTER. FITZWARIN. Family of HERBERT FitzHenry, Chamberlain. HESDIN. KYME. LACY. LANCASTER. LESTRANGE. MALET. MAMINOT. MARMION. MONMOUTH. NEUFMARCHE. OILLY. PAYNELL. PECHE. PEVERIL. POMERAI. RIDEL. RIE. RUMIGNY. SAY. TAILLEBOIS. VALOGNES. VESCY. WAKE. ZOUCHE. (Version 1.3)
· IRELAND, Kings & Nobility. High Kings of IRELAND. Kings of CONNAUGHT, Lords of CONNAUGHT. Kings of DESMOND, Earls of DESMOND. Norse Kings of DUBLIN. EARLS of KILDARE. Kings of LEINSTER. Kings of MEATH, Lords of MEATH. Lords of MEATH. Kings of MUNSTER. Kings of ORMOND, Earls of ORMOND. Kings of OSSORY. Kings of TARA. Kings of THOMOND. Kings of ULSTER, Earls of ULSTER. (Version 1.1)
· SCOTLAND, Kings. Kings of SCOTLAND 834-1603. BALLIOL. BRUCE. STEWART. (Version 1.2)
· SCOTLAND, Nobility. Mormaers and Earls of ANGUS. Mormaers and Earls of ATHOLL. Mormaers and Earls of CAITHNESS. Mormaers and Earls of FIFE. Mormaers and Earls of MAR. Mormaers and Earls of MORAY. Mormaers and Earls of STRATHEARN. Jarls of ORKNEY. Lords and Earls of ARGYLL. Mormaers and Earls of BUCHAN. Earls of DUNBAR. Lords of GALLOWAY. Lords of the ISLES. Kings of the ISLE of MAN. COMYN. Earls of ROSS. Earls of MENTEITH. Earls of CARRICK. Earls of LENNOX. Earls of DOUGLAS. Dukes of ALBANY. (Version 1.2)
· WALES, Kings & Princes. Kings of DYFED. Kings of GWYNEDD. Kings of POWYS. Lords of ABERGAVENNY. (Version 1.2)
EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN and ASIA
· ANTIOCH. Princes of ANTIOCH 1098-1268 (Hauteville, Poitiers). Vassals of the Princes of Antrioch: Lords of HARENC. Lords of MARGAT (MARQAB). Lords of SAHYUN. MANSEL. Des ROCHES. SOURDEVAL. (Version 1.3)
· ARMENIA. Kings of ARMENIA (in Caucasian Armenia, Bagratid Dynasty) 8th-11th centuries. Lords of the Mountains (in Cilician Armenia) 11th-12th centuries. Kings of Cilician ARMENIA (Houses of Rupen, Hethum and Lusignan) 1199-1375. Other Lords in Cilician Armenia: Lords of BARBARON, Lords of BERDUS, Lords of BIREJK, Lords of HAMUS, Lords of KORIKOS, Lords of LAMPRON, Lords of MELITENE, PAHLAVOUNI, Lords of RABAN and KAISUN, Lords of SARAVANTIKAR, Lords of SASSOUN. (Version 1.3)
· CYPRUS. Emperor of CYPRUS 1185-1191. Lords of CYPRUS (House of Lusignan) 1192-1196. Kings of CYPRUS (Houses of Lusignan and Lusignan-Poitiers) 1196-1489. Vassals of the Kings of Cyprus: GIBLET, IBELIN, RIVET. (Version 1.1)
· EDESSA. Armenian Lords of EDESSA, rulers of MARASH. Counts of EDESSA 1098-1144. Vassals of the Counts of Edessa: Lords of MARASH and KAISUN [1122]-1149. (Version 1.1)
· GEORGIA. Princes of IBERIA. Princes of KARTLI. Princes of TAO and ARDANOUDJ, Kings of KLARDIETH. Kings of ABKHAZIA. Kings of KAKHETIA. Kings of OSSETIA. Kings of GEORGIA 1014-1213, Kings of OSSETIA, Kings of KAKHETI and KARTLI 1246-1313, Kings of GEORGIA 1314-1476. Kings of IMERATI 1258-1389. (Version 1.2)
· JERUSALEM, Kings. Kings of JERUSALEM 1100-1225. (Version 1.1)
· JERUSALEM, Nobility. Vassals of the Kings of Jerusalem: Lords of ARSUR, BEIRUT, BETHSAN, CÆSAREA, CAIPHAS, HEBRON, JAFFA, NABLUS, OULTREJOURDAIN, RAMA, SCANDELION, SIDON, TIBERIAS (GALILEE), TORON, and TYRE. Other noble families in Jerusalem: ALEMAN, FLORY, GOTHMAN, MANDALEE, RUFUS. (Version 1.2)
· MONGOLS. Descendants of Jenghiz Khan. Khans of the GOLDEN HORDE. IL-KHAN Dynasty of PERSIA. (Version 1.1)
· NIKAIA. Emperors of NIKAIA 1204-1258, LASKARIS and VATATZES. (Version 1.2)
· TREBIZOND. Emperors in TREBIZOND 1204-1461. (Version 1.1)
· TRIPOLI. Counts of TRIPOLI 1109-1187. Vassals of the Counts of Tripoli: Lords of BESMEDIN. Lords of BOUTRON. Lords of JEBAIL (Embriaco). Lords of MARACLEA. Lords of NEPHIM. BARLAIS. FARABEL. HAM. MONTOLIVE. PORCELET. RAVENDEL. Constables of TRIPOLI. (Version 1.2)
· WEST ASIA and NORTH AFRICA (1). UMMAYAD Dynasty. IDRISSID Dynasty in MOROCCO. FATIMID Dynasty in EGYPT. ABBASID Caliphs of BAGHDAD. (Version 1.1)
· WEST ASIA and NORTH AFRICA (2). Early Turkic tribes from Central Asia: KHAZARS, PECHENEGS and KUMANS. ASIA MINOR (DANIŞMEND, SELJUKID SULTANATE of RUM, KARAMAN, EŞREF, GERMIYAN, MENTEŞE, AYDIN, SARUCHAN, KARESI, SINOPE, OTTOMANS. AZERBAIDJAN. EGYPT (FATIMIDS, AYUBIDS). IRAN and IRAQ (SELJUK SULTANATE, KHAREZMIAN SULTANATE). ORTOKIDS. SYRIA and MESOPOTAMIA (SELJUKIDS, ORTOKIDS, ATABEKIDS, BURIDS, AYUBITES). OTHER CENTRAL ASIAN STATES (WHITE SHEEP). (Version 1.2)
FRANCE, Kings & Early Nobility
· FRANKS, Merovingian Kings. Kings of the FRANKS [451/57]-751, Kings of NEUSTRIA and AUSTRASIA. (Version 1.3)
· FRANKS, Merovingian Nobility. Families of the maiores domus of the kingdoms of AUSTRASIA, BURGUNDY and NEUSTRIA. Other Merovingian nobility from the 6th to 8th centuries. (Version 1.4)
· FRANKS, Carolingian Kings. Kings of the FRANKS 751-840, Kings of the WEST FRANKS 843-987. (Version 1.2)
· FRANCE, Carolingian Nobility. Frankish nobility from the 8th to [11th] centuries, mainly in the territory of France, either unconnected with noble families set out elsewhere or showing the origins of those families. (Version 1.3)
· FRANCE, Capetian Kings. Kings of FRANCE 888-898 and 923-1328 (Capet). Comtes de VALOIS, Kings of FRANCE 1328-1589. Comtes d'ALENÇON 1326-1415, Ducs d'ALENÇON 1415-1524. (Version 1.3)
FRANCE, BURGUNDY/FRANCHE-COMTE
· BURGUNDY DUCHY, Dukes. Dukes of BURGUNDY [918]-956. Dukes of BURGUNDY [956]-1361 (Capet). Dukes of BURGUNDY 1363-1477 (Valois). (Version 1.1)
· BURGUNDIAN DUCHY, Nobility. Nobility in the duchy of Burgundy: Comtes d'AUTUN. Comtes d'AUXERRE, Vicomtes d'AUXERRE. Seigneurs de ROCHEFORT. Comtes d'AUXOIS. Seigneurs de BÂGÉ. Seigneurs de BEAUJEU. Vicomtes de BEAUNE. Comtes de BOLENOIS, Seigneurs de SAXFONTAINE. Seigneurs de BOURBON-LANCY. Comtes de CHALON. Comtes de DIJON, Comtes d'ATUYER. Vicomtes de DIJON, CHAMPLITTE. Seigneurs de DONZY. Comtes de LANGRES (Seigneurs de SAULX). Comtes et Vicomtes de MÂCON. Seigneurs de MONTAIGU. Comtes de NEVERS. Sire de NOYERS. Seigneurs de la ROCHE-sur-OIGNON. Seigneurs de SALMAISE. Seigneurs de SEMBERNON. Seigneurs de SEMUR. Comtes et Vicomtes de TONNERRE. Seigneurs de TOUCY. Seigneurs de VERGY. (Version 1.3)
· BURGUNDY KINGDOM, Kings. Kings of BURGUNDY 411-534. Kings of UPPER BURGUNDY 888-1032. (Version 1.1)
· BURGUNDY KINGDOM, Nobility. Nobility in the kingdom of Burgundy: Comtes Palatins de BOURGOGNE (Sires d'ARLAY, Sires de SALINS). Comtes de BELLEY. Comtes de FOREZ et de LYON (Vicomtes de LYON). Comtes de GENEVE (Sires de FAUCIGNY). Comtes de MONTBELIARD [Mömpelgard] (Seigneurs de MONTFAUCON). Comtes de VAUD (Sires de GRANDSON). Dauphins de VIENNOIS (Comtes de VIENNE, Comtes d'ALBON, Seigneurs de CLERIEUX, Sires de COLIGNY, Sires de La TOUR-du-PIN, Vicomtes de VIENNE). (Version 1.2)
· PROVENCE, Kings, Comtes & Nobility. Comte d'ARLES [before 855]-931. Kings of PROVENCE 879-928. Comtes de PROVENCE 961-1246. Nobility in the county of Provence: Seigneurs d'AIX. Sires de BAUX, Vicomtes de BAUX. Comtes de DIE [DIOIS]. Comtes de FORCALQUIER. Vicomtes de GAP. Vicomtes de MARSEILLE. Seigneurs de MONACO (Grimaldi). Comtes d'ORANGE. Vicomtes de SISTERON. Comtes de VALENCE. Comtes de VALENTINOIS. (Version 1.4)
FRANCE, NORTHERN
· CHAMPAGNE, Nobility. Comtes de CHAMPAGNE. Nobility in the county of Champagne: Comtes de BAR-sur-AUBE. Comtes de BAR-sur-SEINE. Comtes de BRIENNE. Sires de BROYES. Sires de CHACENAY. Seigneurs de CHÂTILLON-sur-MARNE. Seigneurs de COUCY. Seigneurs de DAMPIERRE-sur-l'AUBE. Seigneurs d'HIERGES. Comtes de JOIGNY. Seigneurs de JOINVILLE. Seigneurs et Comtes de LIGNY (Luxembourg). Comtes de PORCIEN. Seigneurs de RAMERUPT. Comtes de RETHEL. Comtes de REYNEL. Comtes et Vicomtes de SENS. Châtelains de VITRY. Comtes de TROYES. Sires de VIGNORY. Sires de VILLEHARDOUIN. (Version 1.3)
· FLANDERS, Counts. Counts of FLANDERS [863]-1244. (Version 1.2)
· FLANDERS, Nobility. Heren van AALST. Seigneurs de ATH. Burggrafen van GENT. WAVRIN.
· NORTHERN FRANCE, Nobility. Nobility in the northern part of France: Comtes d'ARTOIS. Comtes de BOULOGNE. Châtelains de BOURBOURG. Seigneurs de CHAUMONT-en-VEXIN. Vicomtes de CHAUMONT [en-Vexin]. Châtelains de DOUAI. Comtes de GUINES. Seigneurs de GUISE. Comtes de LAON. Comtes de MONTREUIL. Comtes d'OSTREVANT. Comtes de PONTHIEU. Comtes de ROUCY. Châtelains de SAINT-OMER, Seigneurs de FAUQUEMBERQUES. Comtes de SAINT-POL. Comtes de VALOIS et du VEXIN. COMTES de VERMANDOIS. (Version 1.3)
FRANCE, NORTH-WEST & CENTRAL
· ANJOU, Counts & Nobility. Comtes d'ANJOU 909-1167. Comtes d'ANJOU 1067-1189 (Gâtinais). Ducs d'ANJOU (Valois). Nobility in the county of Anjou: Seigneurs d'AMBOISE. Vicomtes d'ANJOU. Sires de CRAON. Seigneurs de SAUMUR. (Version 1.2)
· BRITTANY, Dukes & Nobility. Dukes of BRITTANY 831-1514. BARONS d'AVAUGOUR et de MAYENNE. Comtes de CORNOUAÏLLE. Seigneurs de DINAN. Seigneurs de DOL. Seigneurs de FOUGERES. Vicomtes de LEON. Seigneurs de MONTFORT. Comtes de NANTES. Comtes de PENTHIEVRE. Comtes de POHER. Vicomtes de PORHOËT. Comtes de RENNES. Vicomte de ROHAN. Seigneurs de VITRE. (Version 1.3)
· CENTRAL FRANCE, Nobility. Comtes de BLOIS et de CHARTRES. Seigneurs de BAUGENCY. Vicomtes de BLOIS. Comtes et Vicomtes de BOURGES. Comtes de BRETEUIL (PUISET). Vicomtes de CHARTRES. Vicomtes de CHÂTEAUDUN. Seigneurs de CHÂTEAU-LANDON. Vicomtes de FESSARD. Sires de FRETEVAL. Comtes de GÂTINAIS. Seigneurs de MONTMIRAIL (GOËT). Vicomtes d'ORLEANS. Comtes de SANCERRE. Sires de SULLY. Comtes de TOURS. Seigneurs de VIERZON. (Version 1.1)
· MAINE, Counts & Nobility. Comtes du MAINE. Nobility in the county of Maine: Seigneurs de CHÂTEAU-du-LOIR. Seigneurs de CHÂTEAU-GONTHIER. Sires de LAVAL. Vicomtes du MAINE et de BEAUMONT-sur-SARTHE. Seigneurs de MAYENNE. Comtes de VENDÔME. (Version 1.1)
· NORMANDY, Dukes. Comtes, later Dukes, of NORMANDY. (Version 1.2)
· NORMANDY, Nobility. Nobility in the duchy of Normandy: Sires et Comtes d'ALENÇON. Seigneurs d'AUBIGNY. Seigneurs d'AUFFAY. Sires et Comtes d'AUMÂLE. Vicomtes d'AVRANCHES. Comtes de BAYEUX, Seigneurs d'IVRY. Vicomtes de BAYEUX. Sires de CHÂTEAUNEUF[-en-Thimerais]. Comtes de CORBEIL. Comtes d'EU. Comtes d'EVREUX. Seigneurs de FERRIERES. FLAITEL. GIFFARD. Family of GIROIE. GOURNAY. GRANTMESNIL. Family of GUNNORA. Seigneurs de LAIGLE. Comtes et Vicomtes de MEULAN. Seigneurs de MONTGOMMERY. Comtes de MORTAIN. Seigneurs de NEUFMARCHE. Comtes du PERCHE, Comtes de MORTAGNE. Seigneurs de REVIERS. Vicomtes de ROUEN. Seigneurs de SAINT-SAUVEUR, Vicomtes de COTENTIN, TAISSON. TANCARVILLE. Seigneurs de TOSNY. Family of TURCHETIL. WARENNE. (Version 1.3)
· PARIS REGION, Nobility. Nobility in the area of France around Paris: Seigneurs de BAUDEMENT. Comtes de BEAUMONT-sur-OISE. Sires et Comtes de CLERMONT-en-BEAUVAISIS. Seigneurs de COURTENAY. Comtes de DAMMARTIN, Sires de MELLO. Comtes de DREUX, Seigneurs de BÛ, Seigneurs de BOSSART. Seigneurs de HAM. Sires de L'ISLE-ADAM. Comtes et Vicomtes de MANTES. Vicomtes de MEAUX. Vicomtes de MELUN. Seigneurs de MONTFORT-L'AMAURY. Seigneurs de MONTLHERY. Seigneurs de MONTMORENCY et de MARLY. Seigneurs de SAINT-SIMON. Comtes de SOISSONS. (Version 1.2)
FRANCE, SOUTH-WEST
· ANGOULÊME/LA MARCHE. Comtes d'ANGOULÊME. Comtes de LA MARCHE. Comtes de PERIGORD. (Version 1.5)
· AQUITAINE, Dukes. Dukes of AQUITAINE before 768-927. Comtes de POITOU from [834], Dukes of AQUITAINE 927-1137. Du PUY-du-FOU (Version 1.4)
· AQUITAINE, Nobility. Nobility in the duchy of Aquitaine: Angoulême, La Marche, Périgord: Vicomtes d'AUBUSSON, Seigneurs de la ROCHEFOUCAULD. Auvergne: Comtes d'AUVERGNE, Dauphins d´AUVERGNE, Comtes de CLERMONT, Vicomtes d´AUVERGNE, Sires de BOURBON, Sires de MERCŒUR, Seigneurs de MONTLUÇON, Vicomtes de POLIGNAC, Vicomtes de VELAY. Bordeaux, Gironde: Comtes de BORDEAUX. Poitou: Vicomtes d'AULNAY, Sires de CHABANAIS, Sires de CHARENTON, Vicomtes de CHÂTELLERAULT, Sire de CHAUVIGNY, Sires de DEOLS, Seigneurs de l´ISLE-BOUCHARD, Sires d'ISSOUDUN, Seigneurs de LASTOURS, Seigneurs de LEZAY, Sires de LUSIGNAN, Vicomtes de MAILLEZAIS, Seigneurs de PARTHENAY, Vicomtes de THOUARS, SEIGNEURS de VIVONNE ("de FORTIBUS"). Limousin: Vicomtes de COMBORN, Vicomtes de LIMOGES, Vicomtes de ROCHECHOUART, Vicomtes de "SCALARUM prope TUTELAM", Vicomtes de SAINT-CIRCQ, Vicomtes de SEGUR, Comtes et Vicomtes de TURENNE, Vicomtes de VENTADOUR. (Version 1.5)
· BOURBON. Dukes of BOURBON 1327-1527 (Version 1.1).
· GASCONY, Dukes & Nobility. Dukes of GASCONY [760]-1039. Nobility in the duchy of Gascony: Sires d'ALBRET. Comtes d'ARMAGNAC. Comtes d'ASTARAC. Comtes et Vicomtes d´AURE. Vicomtes de la BARTHE. Vicomtes de BAYONNE. Vicomtes de BEARN. Vicomtes de BEZAUME. Comtes de BIGORRE. Vicomtes de CORNEILLAN. Vicomtes de DAX. Comtes de FEZENSAC. Vicomtes de GABARRET. Vicomtes de LABORDE. Vicomtes de LAVEDAN. Comtes de LECTOURE. Seigneurs de l´ISLE-JOURDAIN. Vicomtes de LOMAGNE, Vicomtes de LOMAGNE (GOTH). Vicomtes de MAREMNE. Vicomtes de MARSAN. Vicomtes de MONTANER. Vicomtes d´OLORON. Vicomtes d'ORTHE. Comtes de PARDIAC. Vicomtes de SOULE et de LOUVIGNY. Vicomtes de TARTAS. Vicomtes de TURSAN (MIRAMONT). (Version 1.4)
· TOULOUSE, Kings, Dukes & Counts. Kings of the VISIGOTHS in Toulouse 418-531. Dukes, Marquis of SEPTIMANIA (GOTHIE). Dukes of TOULOUSE. Comtes de TOULOUSE. (Version 1.2)
· TOULOUSE, Nobility. Nobility in the county of Toulouse: Comtes et Vicomtes d'ALBI. Seigneurs d'ANDUZE. Vicomtes de BEZIERS. Comtes de CARCASSONNE. Vicomtes de CARCASSONNE, Vicomtes de COUSERANS. Comtes de COMMINGES. Comtes de FOIX. Comtes de GEVAUDAN. Seigneurs de GRAILLY. Vicomtes de LAUTREC. Vicomtes de LODEVE. Comtes de MELGUEIL et de SUBSTANTION. Vicomtes de MILLAU. PELET d'ALAIS. Seigneurs de MONTPELLIER. Vicomtes de NARBONNE. Vicomtes de NIMES. Vicomtes de QUERCY. Comtes de RODEZ. Comtes de ROUERGUE. (Version 1.3)
GERMANY, KINGS (EMPERORS)
· GERMANY, Kings. Kings of the EAST FRANKS (Carolingian) 843-911. Kings of GERMANY 911-1254. (Version 1.2)
· GERMANY, Early Nobility. Frankish nobility from the 9th to [11th] centuries, mainly in the territory of Germany, either unconnected with noble families set out elsewhere or showing the origins of those families. (Version 1.3)
GERMANY, BAVARIA
· BAVARIA, Dukes. Dukes of BAVARIA 6th century-1503. (Version 1.2)
· BAVARIA, Nobility. Nobility in the duchy of Bavaria: Grafen von ANDECHS. Grafen von BOGEN. Grafen von BURGHAUSEN und SCHALA. Grafen von CHAM (Ratpotonen). Grafen im CHIEMGAU. Grafen von DACHAU. Grafen von DIESSEN. Grafen von EBERSBERG. Grafen von EPPAN. Grafen von ESCHENLOHE. Grafen von FORMBACH, Grafen im TRAUNGAU. Grafen von HALS. Grafen von HIRSCHBERG, GRÖGLING und DOLLNSTEIN. Grafen von HOHENBURG. Grafen von HOHENWART. Grafen von KASTL. Grafen von LECHSGEMÜND, HORBURG und GRAISBACH. Landgrafen von LEUCHTENBERG. Grafen von MEGELINGEN. Grafen von MOOSBURG. MARKGRAFEN im NORDGAU. Burggrafen von NÜRNBERG. Grafen von OETTINGEN. Grafen von ORTENBURG. Grafen von PERNEGG. Herren von PETTENDORF. PFALZGRAFEN (of BAVARIA, ARIBONEN). Grafen von POIGEN, BERGTHEIM und VELBURG. Grafen von RATELBERG und WINDBERG. Burggrafen von REGENSBURG, LANDGRAFEN von STEFFLING (BABONEN). Domvögte von REGENSBURG. Herren von ROTT, Grafen an der SEMPT und an der MANGFALL (Pilgrimiden). Grafen von SCHEYERN und WITTELSBACH. Grafen von SCHWEINFURT. Grafen im SUALAFELD. Grafen von SULZBACH. Grafen von TENGLING. Grafen von VALLEY. Markgrafen von VOHBURG. Grafen von WASSERBURG. Grafen von WOLFRATSHAUSEN. (Version 1.2)
· AUSTRIA. Markgrafen of the OSTMARK (EAST MARCH) or Markgrafen of PANNONIA. Markgrafen of AUSTRIA [976]-1156 (Babenberg). Dukes of AUSTRIA 1156-1293 (Babenberg, Přemyslid of Bohemia, Habsburg). Archdukes of AUSTRIA 1293-1493. (Version 1.2)
· CARINTHIA, Dukes & Nobility. Duke of CARINTHIA 976-1358. Nobility in the duchy of Carinthia: Markgrafen der KÄRTNER MARK. Grafen im CHIEMGAU (Sieghardinger). Grafen von GÖRZ. Grafen von PLAIN und HARDEGG. Grafen von SPONHEIM. Markgrafen von STEIERMARK (Styria). Grafen von TIROL. Grafen von WELS-LAMBACH. WILHELME. Family of ODALBERT Archbishop of Salzburg. (Version 1.1)
GERMANY, EASTERN MARCHES
· BOHEMIA. Dukes of BOHEMIA 915-1158. Kings of BOHEMIA 1158-1526. (Version 1.2)
· BRANDENBURG. Markgrafen der NORDMARK 965-1144. BRANDENBURG, early rulers. Markgrafen von BRANDENBURG 1140-1470. Grafen von HALDENSLEBEN. (Version 1.1)
· MECKLENBURG. Princes of the OBOTRITES. Dukes of the SORBS. Kings of the WILTZI. Princes of the WENDS and in WAGRIA. Grafen von SCHWERIN. Herren zu WERLE, Fürsten zu WENDEN. Herzogen von MECKLENBURG. (Version 1.2)
· MEISSEN. Markgrafen der sächsischen OSTMARK 965-1030. Markgrafen von MEISSEN 979-1428. Grafen von GROITZSCH. Grafen von BRENA. (Version 1.1)
· MORAVIA. Dukes of MORAVIA [822]-906 (Moimirid). Markgrafen and Dukes of MORAVIA 1061-[1200] at Brno, Znaim and Olmütz (Přemyslid). Markgrafen of MORAVIA 1349-1411 (Luxembourg). Herren von KUNŠTÁT. (Version 1.2)
· SILESIA. Dukes of SILESIA. Dukes of AUSCHWITZ. Dukes of BEUTHEN and KOSEL. Dukes of BRESLAU, LOWER SILESIA. Dukes of GLOGAU. Dukes of JAUER and SCHWEIDNITZ. Dukes of LIEGNITZ. Dukes of LÜBEN and BRIEG. Dukes of MÜNSTERBERG. Dukes of OELS. Dukes of OPPELN and FALKENBURG. Dukes of RATIBOR. Dukes of SAGAN. Dukes of TESCHEN. Dukes of TROPPAU and JÄGERNDORF. Dukes of ZOTOR. (Version 1.1)
GERMANY, FRANCONIA
· FRANCONIA, Nobility. Nobility in the duchy of Franconia: Dukes in FRANCONIA. Die "alten" BABENBERGER (Grafen im GRABFELD). Die AHALOLFINGER. Die KONRADINER (Grafen im LAHNGAU). Die ROTBERTINER (Grafen im WORMSGAU). Family of MEGINGOZ (Grafen im WORMSGAU). Grafen im NAHEGAU und WORMSGAU. Grafen von ARNSTEIN. Grafen von ENZBERG. Grafen von KATZENELNBOGEN. Grafen von LAUFEN. Grafen von LAURENBURG, Grafen von NASSAU (Origins). Grafen von LEININGEN. Grafen von RHEINECK. (Version 1.2)
· HESSEN. Landgrafen von HESSEN.
· LOWER RHINE, Nobility. Nobility in the Lower Rhine area of Franconia/Lotharingia: Grafen von ALTENA. Grafen von BERG. Grafen von BENTHEIM. Grafen von DALE. Grafen van GELDERLAND. Herren von HEINSBERG. Grafen von KLEVE. Herren und Grafen von SAFFENBERG. Grafen von der MARK. HERREN von VALKENBURG
· PALATINATE. Pfalzgrafen bei RHEIN 1142-1410. Electors PALATINE/Kurfürsten von der PFALZ 1410-1559.
· THURINGIA. Early Dukes (Kings) of THURINGIA. Landgrafen von THÜRINGEN [1123]-1247. (Version 1.2)
· THURINGIA, Nobility. Nobility in Thuringia: Grafen von BEICHLINGEN. Grafen von GLEICHEN. Grafen von HENNEBERG. Grafen von HONSTEIN. Grafen von ORLAMÜNDE. Grafen von SCHWARZBURG. Grafen von WEIMAR. (Version 1.2)
GERMANY, LOTHARINGIA
· LOTHARINGIA, Kings, Dukes & Pfalzgrafen. Kings of LOTHARINGIA 843-923. Dukes of LOTHARINGIA 928-959. Dukes of UPPER LOTHARINGIA 959-1070. Dukes of LOWER LOTHARINGIA 959-1222. Pfalzgrafen von LOTHRINGEN [985]-1155. (Version 1.2)
· LOWER LOTHARINGIA, Nobility. Nobility in the duchy of Lower Lotharingia: March of ANTWERP. Comtes d'ARDENNE (family of Wigerich). Grafen von BONN. Comtes de CAMBRAI. Châtelains de CAMBRAI (OISY). Comtes de CLERMONT. Comtes de DURAS. Comtes de DURBUY. Grafen von EIFEL. Comtes de GREZ. Grafen von HATTUARIA. Comtes de HESBAIE. Comtes de HUY. Grafen von JÜLICH. Comtes de LAROCHE. Comtes de LOOZ. Graven van MAASGAU (Masau). Comtes de MONTAIGU. Grafen von SALM. Grafen von TUBALGO. Grafen von WASSENBERG. Grafen von ZÜLPICH. Families of Berhard Bishop of Verdun, Rutger Archbishop of Trier (Version 1.2)
· BRABANT/LOUVAIN. Comtes de BRABANT. Comtes de LOUVAIN, Dukes of LOUVAIN 1141-1198, Seigneurs de PERWEZ, de LOVAINE family in England. Dukes of BRABANT 1191-1404, Heren van GAESBECK en HERSTAL. Graven van AARSCHOT (with Heren van DIEVE, van ROTSELAAR, Heren van WESEMAAL, Heren van SCHOONHOVEN). Châtelains of BRUSSELS. (Version 1.4)
· HAINAUT. Comtes de HAINAUT. March of VALENCIENNES. Châtelains de VALENCIENNES (Ribemont). Seigneurs d'AVESNES. Seigneurs de CHIMAY. Seigneurs d'ENGHIEN. Sires du RŒULX. Seigneurs de WERCHIN. (Version 1.2)
· HOLLAND & FRISIA. Dukes and Counts of the FRISIANS. Counts of HOLLAND. Graven van BETUWE. Graven van DRENTHE. Graven van HAMALAND. Counties in NORTH FRISIA. Graven van OOSTERGO en WESTERGO. Graven van TEISTERBANT. Heren van CUYK en MALSEN. Graven van WALCHEREN. March of FRISIA. Graven van ZUTPHEN. (Version 1.2)
· LIMBURG. Grafen van LIMBURG. Dukes of LIMBURG 1140-1279. Herren von MERHEIM. Herren von WASSENBERG. Seigneurs de MONTJOIE [Monschau]. Seigneurs de DURBUY. (Version 1.2)
· NAMUR. Comtes de NAMUR [907]-1190. Marquis de NAMUR 1190-1421. Nobility in Namur: Family of Wicbert. Seigneurs de FLORENNES et de RUMIGNY. (Version 1.2)
· UPPER LOTHARINGIA, Nobility. Nobility in the duchy of Upper Lotharingia: Comtes d'ARLON. Grafen von BIDGAU. Grafen von BLIESGAU, Grafen von BLIESKASTEL, Grafen von HÜNEBURG. Comtes de BRIXEY. Comtes de CASTRES. Comtes de CHARPEIGNE. Comtes de CHINY. Seigneurs de COMMERCY. Herren von ESCH. Comtes de GRANDPRE. Comtes de LONGWY. Grafen von MAYENFELD. Grafen von METZ. Comtes de NIEDGAU. Grafen von SAARBRÜCKEN. Comtes de SAULNOIS. Comtes de SORCY. Comtes de TOUL. Comtes de VAUDEMONT. Comtes de VERDUN. (Version 1.2)
· BAR. Comtes de MOUSSON. Comtes de BAR [1106]-1354. Marquis de PONT-à-MOUSSON, Dukes of BAR 1354-1431. (Version 1.2)
· LORRAINE. Dukes of LORRAINE 1070-1473. Seigneurs de FLORANGES [FLÖRCHINGEN]. (Version 1.1)
· LUXEMBOURG. Comtes de LUXEMBOURG [963]-1136. Grafen von GLEIBERG. Grafen von RHEINECK. Comtes de LUXEMBOURG 1136-1247 (Namur). Comtes de LUXEMBOURG 1237-1354 (Limburg-Arlon). Dukes of LUXEMBOURG 1354-1441 (Limburg-Arlon). (Version 1.2)
GERMANY, SAXONY
· SAXONY, Dukes & Electors. Early leaders of the SAXONS, families of Widukind, Liudolf, Billung. Dukes of SAXONY 973-1423. Electors of SAXONY [1356]-1428. Herzogen von SACHSEN-LAUENBURG. (Version 1.2)
· SAXONY, Nobility. Nobility in the duchy of Saxony: Grafen von ALSLEBEN. Grafen von AMMENSLEBEN. Grafen von ARNSBERG. Grafen von BALLENSTEDT. Grafen von BLANKENBURG, Grafen von REGENS TEIN. Grafen von BOYNEBURG. Grafen von CALVELAGE. Grafen von CAPPENBERG. Grafen von EVERSTEIN. Grafen von HALLERMUND. Grafen von KATLENBURG. Herren zur LIPPE. Grafen von LOHRA, Grafen von BERKA. Grafen von NORTHEIM. Pfalzgrafen von SACHSEN, von GOSECK, von PUTELENDORF, von SOMMERSCHENBURG. Grafen von PLÖTZKAU. Grafen von PYRMONT. Grafen von QUERFURT. Grafen von RATZEBURG. Grafen von RAVENSBERG. Grafen von SCHWALENBERG. Grafen von STADE. Grafen von SÜPPLINGENBURG. Grafen von TECKLENBURG. Grafen von WALBECK. Grafen von WALDECK. Grafen von WERL. Grafen von WINZENBURG. (Version 1.3)
· ANHALT. Grafen von ANHALT und ASCHERSLEBEN. Fürsten von ANHALT. (Version 1.1)
· BRUNSWICK. Grafen von BRAUNSCHWEIG. Herzogen von BRAUNSCHWEIG 1235-1596 (Welf). (Version 1.1)
· OLDENBURG. Grafen von OLDENBURG. Grafen von DELMENHORST. (Version 1.1)
· SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN. Grafen von HOLSTEIN 1111-1359. Grafen von SCHAUENBURG 1290-1640 (Holstein). Herzogen von SCHLESWIG 1257-1459. (Version 1.1)
· SWABIA, Dukes. Dukes of ALEMANNIA. Dukes of SWABIA 909-1268. (Version 1.1)
· SWABIA, Nobility. Nobility in the duchy of Swabia: Grafen im BREISGAU. Grafen im LINZGAU und in ALTDORF. Grafen in RÄTIEN. Grafen im THURGAU. Grafen im ZURICHGAU. Grafen von ACHALM. Grafen von BERG. Grafen von BREGENZ. Grafen von CALW. Grafen von DILLINGEN. Grafen von EBERSTEIN. Grafen von FREIBURG. Grafen von FÜRSTENBERG. Grafen von GAMMERTINGEN. Grafen von GRÖNINGEN. Grafen von HABSBURG. Grafen von HABSBURG-LAUFENBURG. Markgrafen von HACHBERG. Grafen von HOHENBERG. Grafen von KIBURG. Grafen von KIRCHBERG. Grafen von LENZBURG und SCHÄNNIS. Grafen von LÖWENSTEIN. Grafen von NELLENBURG. Grafen von OLTINGEN. Grafen von PFULLENDORF und RAMSPERG. Grafen von RHEINFELDEN. Herren von STAUFEN. Herzogen von TECK. Grafen von TOGGENBURG. Grafen von TREFFEN, Grafen von VERINGEN, Grafen von NELLENBURG. Grafen von TÜBINGEN. Grafen von URACH. Grafen von VAIHINGEN. Grafen von WÜRTTEMBERG (Origins). Dukes of ZÄHRINGEN. Grafen von ZOLLERN und HOHENZOLLERN. (Version 1.2)
· ALSACE, Nobility. Nobility in Alsace: Dukes in ALSACE. Grafen im NORDGAU. Grafen im SUNDGAU. Grafen von EGISHEIM und DACHSBURG (Etichonen). Comtes de FERRETTE [Pfirt] 1125-1324. Grafen von SAARWERDEN. Grafen von WERDE. (Version 1.2)
· BADEN. Markgrafen von BADEN 1089-1515.
· WÜRTTEMBERG. Grafen von WÜRTTEMBERG.
IBERIA
· ARAGON, Kings. Condes de Aragón [809]-1035. Kings of ARAGON 1035-1516. Kings of MALLORCA 1276-1343. Condes de PRADES 1341-[1441], Marqueses de VILLENA 1366-1444, Duques de GANDÍA 1399-1425. (Version 1.3)
· ARAGON, Nobility. Condes de BAILO. Condes de PALLARS, Vizcondes de VILLAMUR. Condes de RIBAGORZA. Junior branches of the kings of Aragon: Barones de AYERBE, Barones de EJÉRICA, Barones de HIJAR. Nobility in the kingdom of Aragon: AZAGRA, LUNA, PIMENTEL. (Version 1.4)
· CATALONIA, Nobility. Nobility in Catalonia: Condes de AMPURIAS [Empúries], Vizcondes de ROCABERTI. Condes de BARCELONA, Vizcondes de BARCELONA. Condes de BESALÚ, Vizcondes de BESALÚ, Vizcondes de BAS. Condes de CERDANYA, Vizcondes de BERGUEDÀ, Vizcondes de CERDANYA, Vizcondes de CARDONA, Vizcondes de CONFLUENTE. Condes de GERONA, Señores de CABRERA, Vizcondes de GERONA. Comtes de ROUSSILLON, Vicomtes de ROUSSILLON. Condes de TARRAGONA. Condes de URGEL, Vizcondes de URGEL. ENTENZA. LAURIA. MONTCADA. PINOS. VILARAGUT. (Version 1.3)
· ASTURIAS, LEON, Kings. Kings of ASTURIAS from 718, and Kings of ASTURIAS and LEÓN from 910 to 1037. (Version 1.2)
· ASTURIAS, GALICIA, LEON, Nobility. Nobility in the kingdoms of northern Spain 8th-13th centuries: ÁLVAREZ de ASTURIAS. Condes de AZA, LERMA. CASTRO. Señores de los CAMEROS. Condes de CEA. Families of ANSUR Gómez, El CID "Campeador", ERO Fernández, FLAÍN Muñoz, GONZALO García, HERMENEGILDO González, PELAYO Froílaz, PONCE de MINERVA, RODANO Díaz, SARRACINO, VIMARA Pérez. GIRÓN. GUZMÁN. LARA. LIÉBANA. LIMIA. MENDOZA. MENÉNDEZ. MENESES. OCA. SALDAÑA (Beni-Gómez). TRABA. VELA family. (Version 1.2)
· CASTILE, Counts & Kings. Counts of CASTILE 899-1029. Kings of CASTILE 1035-1037, Kings of CASTILE and LEÓN 1037-1504. Señores de MOLINA. MANUEL family. De la CERDA family. Señores de VALENCIA de CAMPOS. (Version 1.2)
· CASTILE, Nobility. Nobility in the kingdoms of northern Spain 14th-15th centuries: ÁLVAREZ de TOLEDO. AYALA. BIEDMA. ENRÍQUEZ. GIRÓN. GUZMÁN. MENDOZA. PIMENTEL. PONCE. PONCE de LEÓN. Duques de VILLAHERMOSA 1476-1513, Duques de LUNA 1495-1663. VILLALOBOS. VILLAMAYOR.
· MOORISH SPAIN. Emirate of CÓRDOBA. TAIFA Kings in SPAIN. ALMORAVIDES. ALMOHADES. BANU QASI Family. (Version 1.1)
· NAVARRE, Kings. Kings of PAMPLONA, Kings of NAVARRE 822-1609. (Version 1.4)
· NAVARRE, Nobility. Nobility in Navarre 9th-12th centuries. ENRÍQUEZ de LACARRA. Condes de LERÍN (Beaumont). Vizcondes de MURUZÁBAL, Marqueses de CORTES. (Version 1.3)
· PORTUGAL, Kings. Kings of PORTUGAL. (Version 1.2)
· PORTUGAL, Nobility. Nobility in the kingdom of Portugal: BRAGANÇA, RIBA DOURO, RIBEIRO, SOUSA.
· SPAIN, VANDALS SUEVI & VISIGOTHS. Kings of the VANDALS (in Spain [409]-429, in Africa 429-533). Kings of the SUEVI (in Spain [409]-585). Kings of the VISIGOTHS (Spain 531-711). (Version 1.3)
· VIZCAYA. Señores Soberanos de VIZCAYA. (Version 1.3)
ITALY
· ITALY, Emperors and Kings. Later ROMAN Emperors. Kings of the OSTROGOTHS 476-552. Kings of the LOMBARDS 570-774. Kings of ITALY 774-962. (Version 1.2)
· NORTHERN ITALY. Nobility in the northern Italian regions of EMILIO ROMAGNA (Conti di BOLOGNA, Conti di PARMA, Conti di SABBIONETTA, Conti di SUSPIRO), FRIULI (Dukes, Marchesi of FRIULIA, Marchesi of CARNIOLA and ISTRIA, Dukes of MERANO), LIGURIA (Marchesi di GAVI, Conti di GENOVA, Conti di LAVAGNA. Conti di LUNI, MALASPINA, Marchesi di PARODI), LOMBARDIA (Dukes and Counts of BERGAMO, Dukes of BRESCIA, Conti di MILANO, Conti di PAVIA, Conti di TICINO), MARCHE and UMBRIA (Dukes of SPOLETO), PIEMONTE and VAL d'AOSTA (Conti di AURIATE, BIANDRATE, Marchesi di IVREA, Conti di POMBIA, Marchesi di ROMAGNANO, Marchesi of TURIN, Conti di VERCELLI), SARDINIA and CORSICA (Marchesi di CORSICA, Judges of CAGLIARI, Judges of ARBOREA, Judges of GALLURA, Judges of TORRES), TOSCANA (Conti di CANEFRO, Conti di LUCCA, Conti di MANTUA, Marchesi of TUSCANY), and VENETO (Conti di TREVISO, Conti di VERONA, da ROMANO). (Version 1.3)
· MILAN. Lords of MILAN. Dukes of MILAN.
· MODENA, FERRARA. Marchesi d'ESTE. Lords of FERRARA and MODENA. (Version 1.2)
· MONFERRATO, SALUZZO. Marchesi di MONFERRATO to 1464. Marchesi di SALUZZO to 1543. Marchesi di BUSCA, LANCIA. Marchesi di NOLI e FINALE. Marchesi del CARETTO, MILLESIMO. (Version 1.1)
· SAVOY. Comtes de MAURIENNE, CHABLAIS & SAVOIE 1043-1417. Princes of ACHAIA, Signori del PIEMONTE. Signori di RACONIGGI. Signori di BUSCA. Signori di COLLEGNO e ALTEZZANO. Barons de VAUD. Dukes of SAVOY 1417-1496. (Version 1.1)
· VENICE. Doges of VENICE 726-1423.
· SOUTHERN ITALY. Lombard princes in southern Italy: Dukes and Princes of BENEVENTO. Princes of SALERNO. Counts of CAPUA. Conti di AVERSA, Princes of CAPUA. Dukes of NAPLES. Dukes of AMALFI. Lords of GAETA. (Version 1.2)
· SICILY/NAPLES, Counts & Kings. Duke of APULIA (Melus). Counts and Dukes of APULIA 1042-1127. Counts and Kings of SICILY 1072-1409. Counts of MALTA and GOZO. Kings of NAPLES 1412-1501. (Version 1.2)
· SICILY/NAPLES, Nobility. Nobility in the southern Italian regions of ABRUZZO (Conti dell'AQUILA, Conti di CELANO e ALBA, Conte di LORETO, Conti di MARSI), BASILICATA (Conti di MARSICO, Conti di TRICARICO), CALABRIA (Conti di CATANZARO, Conti di MANOPELLO, Conti di SQUILLACE, Conti di TARSIA), CAMPANIA (Conti di ACERRA, Conti di AIROLE, Conti di ALIFE, Conte di AQUINO, Conti di AVELLINO, Conti di AVERSA, BUONALBERGO, Conti di CASERTA, Conti di FONDI, Conti di GESUALDO, Conti di POLICASTRO, Conti di SANSEVERINO, Conti di SORRENTO), LAZIO (Conti de CECCANO, Conti di TUSCOLO), MOLISE (Conti di LESINA, Conti di LORITELLO, Conte di MOLISE, Conti di SANGRO), PUGLIA (Conti e Duca di ANDRIA, Conti de CONVERSANO, Conti di GRAVINA, Conti di LECCE, Conti di MATERA, Conti di MOLFETTA, Conti di MONTESCAGLIOSO, Conti di PRINCIPATO). (Version 1.1)
POLAND and BALTIC STATES
· BALTIC STATES. COURLAND. ESTONIA. LIVONIA.
· LITHUANIA. Grand Dukes of LITHUANIA. Families of CZARTORYSKY, SANGUSZKO, WIESNIOWIECKI. (Version 1.1)
· POLAND. Princes and Kings of POLAND 966-1575. (Version 1.2)
· POMERANIA. Dukes of POMERANIA. Fürsten von RÜGEN. Herren von GRISTOW. Dukes of POMMERELLEN [Pomorze]. (Version 1.1)
RUSSIA
· RUSSIA, Rurikid. Grand Princes of KIEV. Princes of POLOTSK. Princes of GALICH, PEREMYSHL, TEREBOVL and VOLYNIA. Princes of TUROV and PINSK. Princes of NOVGOROD-SEVERSKIY and KURSK. Princes of RIAZAN, MUROM and PRONSK. Princes of SMOLENSK. Grand Princes of VLADIMIR, Princes of ROSTOV-SUZDAL. Princes of STARODUB. Princes of ROSTOV and BELOOZERO. Grand Princes of SUZDAL and NIZHNI-NOVGOROD. Grand Princes of TVER. Grand Princes of MOSCOW. Tsars of RUSSIA 1547-1610. (Version 1.1)
SCANDINAVIA
· DENMARK, Kings. Kings of DENMARK. Dukes of SØNDERHALLAND, SKARSHOLM. LØVENBALK. (Version 1.2)
· DENMARK, Nobility. Nobility in the kingdom of Denmark.
· NORWAY, Kings. Kings of NORWAY. (Version 1.2)
· NORWAY, Nobility. Nobility in the kingdom of Norway. (Version 1.1)
· SWEDEN, Kings. Kings of SWEDEN. (Version 1.2)
· SWEDEN, Nobility. Nobility in the kingdom of Sweden: FOLKUNGAÄTTEN.