The kingdom of Burgundy covered the area south of the duchy of Upper Lotharingia, west of the duchy of Swabia and the Alps, and east of the duchy of Burgundy. It stretched southwards to the Mediterranean, where it included the county and marquisate of Provence. The Burgundian kingdom lay east of the demarcation line between the kingdom of the West Franks and the kingdom of Lotharingia, set under the 843 Treaty of Verdun, and so fell under imperial jurisdiction after the disintegration of Lotharingia. Imperial control was reinforced after the death of King Rudolf III in 1032, when the kingdom of Burgundy passed to the kings of Germany, although it remained outside the territory of the Holy Roman Empire. This transfer of suzerainty to Germany, whose kings always experienced difficulties in imposing centralised administration over their already extensive and diverse territories, presented the local Burgundian nobility with an opportunity to consolidate its power.

The kingdom of Burgundy splintered, broadly into four main areas each of which followed its separate course of development. In the south, the county and marquisate of Provence renounced its allegiance to the empire in 1081, which in the long-term facilitated its incorporation into the French kingdom. In the western part of the central area, the counties of Lyon and Forez, and the Dauphinois, were also eventually incorporated into the kingdom of France. To the east, Geneva, Faucigny and Maurienne were incorporated into the territories of the counts of Savoy, which also covered large parts of northern Italy. In the north, the county of Burgundy evolved some time during the 11th century as the rump of the old kingdom. This document sets out the main noble families in all these areas, except Provence and Savoy for which the corresponding documents should be consulted.

Chapter 1. COMTES PALATINS de BOURGOGNE

Adalbert King of Italy fled to Burgundy after he was expelled from Italy by Emperor Otto I. His widow married Henri Duke of Burgundy [Capet], who adopted their son Otto-Guillaume as his heir. Otto-Guillaume acquired the county of Mâcon, in the duchy of Burgundy, by marrying the widow of the previous count. After Duke Hugues died in 1002, he unsuccessfully claimed the succession to the duchy of Burgundy. After the death in 1032 of Rudolf III last king of Burgundy, one branch of Otto-Guillaume's descendants established themselves to the east of the river Saône in the area around Salins and Besançon. The county of Burgundy developed in this area some time during the 11th century, although it is difficult to be precise about the date. According to Bouchard, the title "Comte de Bourgogn e" was purely descriptive in the early years of the century and did not reflect any political reality[1]. The precise origin of the supplementary description "palatine", adopted by the counts, has also not been identified. As the title was usually associated with a function attached to one of the royal palaces, the counts of Burgundy may have held an unidentified position in the palace of the Rektor of Burgundy, who was appointed by the kings of Germany to act as their representative in the kingdom of Burgundy. The county passed into the sphere of influence of the Capetian kingdom of France with the marriage in 1307 of its heiress to the future Philippe V King of France, although it retained its separate administrative existence until it was consolidated in 1383 into the extensive territories of Philippe II "le Hardi" Duke of Burgundy (Valois). The county of Burgundy was among the territories which passed to the Habsburg family as a result of the marriage in 1477 of Marie, daughter and heiress of Charles Duke of Burgundy, to the future Emperor Maximilian I.

A. COMTES PALATINS de BOURGOGNE 1026-1200 (IVREA)

RENAUD 1026-1057

RENAUD de Mâcon, son of OTHON GUILLAUME Comte de Mâcon [Bourgogne-Comté] & his first wife Ermentrude de Roucy ([990]-3/4 Sep 1057, bur Besançon). Rodulfus Glaber names "Rainaldus" as one of the sons of "Willemus, Henrici ducis priuignus, Adalberti Longobardorum ducis filius" & his wife[2]. His mother's name is confirmed by the charter dated 1029 under which "Reinaldus comes filius Ottonis cognomento Vuilelmi…Yrmengardis coniugis" donated property "ecclesiam sancti Nicolai vallis iuxta Poliniacum" to Cluny, confirmed by "Rodulfus rex"[3]. The Chronicle of St Bénigne de Dijon records a donation by "Otto comes cognomento Willelmus" with "filii eius Rainaldi" dated 1004 "pro anima Hinrici Ducis, qui eum loco filii adoptavit et genitricis sue Gerberge uxoris predicti Ducis, ac filii sui Widonis et Hermintrudis coniugis"[4]. "Otto comes et uxor mea Adila" donated property to Saint-Vincent de Mâcon by two charters dated to 1015 or before (during the reign of Robert I King of France) both subscribed by "Rainaldi filii sui"[5]. He succeeded his father in 1026 as RENAUD I Comte de Bourgogne, although at that time the "county of Burgundy" did not yet exist as such, the title being purely descriptive of the area in which Renaud exercised his power[6]. The Chronicle of Saint-Bénigne, interpolated into the Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines, records that "filius eius [=comes Otto Guilelmus] comes Rainaldus" succeeded his father in "terram ultra Sagonnam" dividing the territory with his nephew "filius alterius filii eius Guidonis, alter comes Otto"[7]. Guillaume de Jumièges records that comte Renaud was imprisoned by Hugues Comte de Chalon but released with help from his father-in-law Richard II Duke of Normandy[8], dated to 1026. Renaud supported Emperor Konrad II in the latter's struggle with Eudes Comte de Blois for control over the kingdom of Burgundy after the death of the last King Rudolf III in 1032. "Raginaldus comes comitis Guillelmi filius" donated property to the abbey of Flavigny by charter dated 18 May 1037 subscribed by "Iudid comitisse uxoris eius, Guillelmi filii eius, Hugonis filii eius…"[9]. The Herimanni Augiensis Chronicon records that "Ludowicus comes" expelled "Reginoldum principem, reginæ Agnetis avunculum, sed Heinrico regi inimicum" from "castellum…Mons Piligardæ"[10]. Emperor Heinrich III defeated Comte Renaud in battle after the latter besieged Montbéliard, forcing him to swear allegiance to the Comte de Montbéliard at Soleure in 1045.

m [firstly] (before 1 Sep 1016) ADELAIS [Judith] de Normandie, daughter of RICHARD II Duke of Normandy & his first wife Judith de Rennes [Bretagne] ([1000]-7 Jul [after 1030]). Guillaume de Jumièges records that Duke Richard and Judith had three daughters, of which one named Adelise married "Renaud comte de Bourgogne"[11]. Orderic Vitalis records her marriage and calls her amita of William I King of England[12]. Rodulfus Glaber states that "filiam Richardi Rotomagensis ducis, Adeledam" married Renaud[13]. "Otto comes qui nominatur Willelmus" issued a charter dated 2 Nov 1023 subscribed by "Raynardi comitis, Adheleydis uxoris eius"[14]. "Raynaldi comitis, Adheleys uxoris eius" subscribed the charter dated 1030 by which "Robertus regis Roberti filius et regis Henrici filii eius germanus…Burgundie Dux" restored property to Cluny[15].

[m secondly JUDITH, daughter of --- (-after 18 May 1037). "Raginaldus comes comitis Guillelmi filius" donated property to the abbey of Flavigny by charter dated 18 May 1037 subscribed by "Iudid comitisse uxoris eius, Guillelmi filii eius, Hugonis filii eius…"[16]. "Iudid comitisse" is assumed in traditional genealogies[17] to have been the same person as Adelais. However, it is also possible that she was Comte Renaud's second wife, Adelais having died earlier. This may be corroborated by Renaud's sons being described in the charter as "filii eius" rather than "filii eorum".]

Comte Renaud I & his [first] wife had four children:

1. GUILLAUME de Bourgogne (-12 Nov 1087, bur Besançon). Guillaume de Jumièges names "Guillaume et Gui" as the two sons of "Renaud comte de Bourgogne" and Adelise[18]. He succeeded his father in 1057 as GUILLAUME I "le Grand" Comte Palatin de Bourgogne.

- see below.

2. GUY de Bourgogne (-after 1069). Guillaume de Jumièges names "Guillaume et Gui" as the two sons of "Renaud comte de Bourgogne" and Adelise[19]. His parentage is also given by Orderic Vitalis[20]. The Archbishop of Rouen and the Comte d'Arques proposed Guy as duke of Normandy, his claim being through his mother, in place of his cousin the infant Guillaume le bâtard. Guy remained in Normandy, where he was brought up with his cousin and was given the castles of Brionne and Vernon. Still pursuing his claim, he tried to capture Duke Guillaume in 1046 with the help of Néel de Saint-Sauveur, Renouf vicomte de Bayeux and Haimon le Dentu, but was forced to flee and was finally defeated at Le Val-lès-Dunes in 1047. He was besieged in his castle for three years, pardoned by Duke Guillaume, sought refuge temporarily at the court of Geoffroy Comte d'Anjou, and returned to Burgundy where he continually plotted to dispossess his brother over a period of ten years[21]. Guillaume de Jumièges also records in some detail the rebellion of "Gui fils de Renaud comte des Bourguignons"[22].

3. HUGUES de Bourgogne (-after 1045). "Raginaldus comes comitis Guillelmi filius" donated property to the abbey of Flavigny by charter dated 18 May 1037 subscribed by "Iudid comitisse uxoris eius, Guillelmi filii eius, Hugonis filii eius…"[23].

4. FOULQUES de Bourgogne . He is named in one charter[24]. same person as …? FOULQUES de Joux . He was called princeps in Burgundia by Herman of Laon[25]. Bouchard suggests that this indicates that he may have been the same person as the son of Comte Renaud[26]. m --- de Roucy, sister of EBLES [II] de Roucy, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms this marriage has not yet been identified.

GUILLAUME I 1057-1087, RENAUD II 1087-1097, GUILLAUME II 1097-1125, GUILLAUME III 1125-1127, RENAUD III 1127-1149, BEATRIX 1149-1184

GUILLAUME de Bourgogne, son of RENAUD I Comte Palatin de Bourgogne & his [first] wife Adelais [Judith] de Normandie ([1024]-12 Nov 1087, bur Besançon). Guillaume de Jumièges names "Guillaume et Gui" as the two sons of "Renaud comte de Bourgogne" and Adelise[27]. His parentage is given by Orderic Vitalis[28]. He succeeded his father in 1057 as GUILLAUME I "le Grand" Comte Palatin de Bourgogne. For about ten years he fought his brother Guy ex-Comte de Brionne who attempted to dispossess him. He was one of the princes called upon by Pope Gregory VII in 1074 to help defend St Peter's[29]. He succeeded in 1078 as Comte de Mâcon, when his cousin Guy [II] Comte de Mâcon entered holy orders.

m ([1049/57]) ETIENNETTE, daughter of --- ([1035]-after 19 Oct 1088). Szabolcs de Vajay[30] demonstrates that his early hypothesis concerning a Lotharingian origin of Etiennette[31] is incorrect. According to Père Anselme[32], she was the daughter of Berenguer Ramón I "el Curvo" Conde de Barcelona, but there appears to be no contemporary documentation on which this is based. Settipani suggests that Etiennette may have been the daughter of Bernard [II] Comte de Bigorre & his first wife Clémence, based solely on onomastics[33], but the possible reason for a marriage between these two families has not been identified. A possible indication of her origin is provided by William of Tyre who specifies that Pope Calixtus II (Etiennette's son) was "consanguineus" of Emperor Heinrich V[34]. The precise relationship has not yet been identified. It is possible that it is through Etiennette's family. Another clue may be provided by the Liber de Restauratione Sancti Martini Tornacensis which names "Hiolendem, filiam Gerardi Babinbergensis comitis" [Gerhard Graf von Wassenberg], when recording her marriage to Baudouin III Comte de Hainaut, and specifies that Yolande was "neptem Clementia Flandrensis comitissa"[35]. The relationship between Yolande and Ctss Clémence has not been established, but the obvious interpretation of the text is that Yolande's mother may have been the daughter of Guillaume II "le Grand" Comte de Bourgogne, and therefore the sister of Clémence (see below). This is far from certain. Another possibility is that "neptem" should be interpreted more broadly, and that Graf Gerhard's wife was a relative of Etiennette, who was Clémence's mother.

Comte Guillaume I & his wife had [fourteen] children:

1. EUDES de Bourgogne (-before 12 Nov 1087). Comte Guillaume donated property to Besançon cathedral in memory of his "late son Otto"[36].

2. RENAUD (-Palestine 1097 or Summer 1101). "Rainaldus comes Matisconensis" made a donation to Cluny dated [1086] subscribed by "Willelmi patris mei"[37]. His father installed him in [1078] as Comte de Mâcon. He succeeded his father in 1087 as RENAUD II Comte Palatin de Bourgogne. He joined the First Crusade, appointing his younger brother Etienne as regent of Bourgogne-Comté during his absence. He left for Jerusalem before the Lombard expedition and passed the winter in Antioch. Albert of Aix records that he joined Welf I Duke of Bavaria on his journey to Jerusalem, but died and was buried en route[38]. If this is correct, Renaud must have died in Summer 1101. m (before [1085]) REGINA [Kuniza] von Oltingen, daughter of KUNO Graf von Oltingen & his wife --- de Luxembourg (-after 12 Apr 1107). "Regina ex prosapia non obscura…comitis Cononis filia qui frater extit Conraldi viri…in itinere Jerosolimitano defuncti, generi nimirum comitis Pictaviensis" donated property to the abbey of Marcigny-sur-Loire where she was about to become a nun by charter dated 1088, which states that "me maritalis jugi sarcina exoneravit" suggesting an amicable separation from her husband[39]. The references in this charter to "Conraldi" and "comitis Pictaviensis" have not been deciphered. The charter dated 1095 under which "Guillelmus comes" donated property to Marcigny-sur-Loire names "mater mea Cuniza Cononis filia"[40]. She is named "mater mea Regina" in her son's 1107 charter which also names her father "avi ac nutritoris mei Cononis comitis"[41]. Comte Renaud II & his wife had one child:

a) GUILLAUME ([1085]-murdered after 3 Jan 1125). His parentage is confirmed by his charter dated 12 Sep 1095 under which "Guillelmus comes filio Rainaldi" confirmed a donation by "mater mea Cuniza Cononis filia" to the abbey of Marcigny-sur-Loire[42]. His charter dated 1107 (see below) indicates that Guillaume was brought up with his maternal grandfather, receiving a German rather than French education, hence his subsequent nickname. He succeeded his father in 1097 as GUILLAUME II "l'Allemand" Comte Palatin de Bourgogne, Comte de Mâcon. "Comes Willelmus quem vocabant Alamannum" granted concessions relating to the town of Auxerre in Macon to Cluny by charter 1106[43]. "Willelmus Burgundionum comes et Mathicensium" confirmed previous donations by "antecessores mei…Rainaldus pater meus filius Willelmi, et ipse Willelmus filius alterius Rainaldi, et ipse Rainaldus filius alterius Willelmi et…Stephanus comes patruus meus…mater mea Regina" to Cluny by charter 1107 before 13 Aug made "pro…anime…avi ac nutritoris mei Cononis comitis"[44]. He was murdered by his barons, who claimed that he had been carried away by the devil following his abuses of church property. m ([1107]) AGNES von Zähringen, daughter of BERTHOLD II Herzog von Zähringen & his wife Agnes von Rheinfelden. The Relatio Piis Operibus Ottonis Episcopi Bambergensis names "Agnate palatina comitissa", implying that she was sister of "Chuno dux"[45]. This is confirmed by the Gesta Friderici of Otto of Freising which names her son "Gwillehelmus…puer…ex parte patris consanguineus, Conradi vero ducis sororis filius"[46]. Comte Guillaume II & his wife had one child:

i) GUILLAUME ([1110]-murdered Payerne, Switzerland 1 Mar 1127). A charter of Saint-Vincent-de-Mâcon dated to [1126/43] refers to "post mortem comitis Willelmi et Alemani patris alterius Willelmi"[47]. The Gesta Friderici of Otto of Freising names "Gwillehelmus…puer…ex parte patris consanguineus, Conradi vero ducis sororis filius"[48]. He succeeded his father in 1125 as GUILLAUME III "l'Enfant" Comte Palatin de Bourgogne, Comte de Mâcon. "Guilelmum comitem Sedunensium" was murdered "1127 III Kal Mar" in the church of Payerne "at the instigation of demons"[49]. After his death, his maternal uncle Konrad I Herzog von Zähringen claimed the county of Burgundy, and Lothar von Süpplingenburg King of Germany conferred the territory on him[50].

3. GUILLAUME de Bourgogne (-before 1090). He is named in Europäische Stammtafeln[51] as the third son of Comte Guillaume but the primary source on which this is based has not been identified.

4. ERMENTRUDE de Bourgogne ([1050/55][52]-1106 or after, bur Autun Cathedral). "Filia Wilelmi comitis de Burgundia Hermentrudis et filii sui Fridericus, Raginaudus, Theodericus" founded the Cluniac abbey of Froidefontaine by charter dated 8 Mar 1105 in which she names "suis antecessoribus…Lodewico, Sophia eius uxore, et filiis eorum Brunone, Theoderico, Lodewico, Friderico, filiabus vero Mathilde, Sophia, Beatrice, filiis autem Theoderici atque sue uxoris Hermentrudis, Lodewico, Wilelmo, Hugone", witnessed by "Henricus de Suarca cum genero suo Gerunch, Gotefridus filius avunculi eiusdem comitis [Friderici]"[53]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Ermentrudem" as wife of "Theodericum [filius comiti Montionis Ludovico]" specifying that she was heiress to Montbéliard[54]. She retired to the château de Montbéliard after the death of her husband. She subscribed a sale act of her son Renaud in 1106[55]. m ([1065]) THIERRY de Mousson, son of LOUIS Comte de Mousson & his wife Sophie of Upper Lotharingia ([1045]-1/2 Jan 1103, bur Autun Cathedral).

5. GUY de Bourgogne (Château de Quingey [1060]-Rome 13 Dec 1124, bur Rome Lateran Church). Orderic Vitalis names his father[56], his parentage being confirmed by his own reference to his brother Hugues Archsbishop of Besançon in his letters[57]. William of Tyre specifies that Pope Calixtus II was previously named "Guido", but does not specify his origin other than calling him "secundum carnem nobilis" and that he was "consanguineus" of Emperor Heinrich V[58]. The birth order of the children of Guillaume I Comte Palatin de Bourgogne is uncertain. Most authorities place Guy after his brother Hugues, but if his supposed birth date is correct he must have been one of the older sons. Archbishop of Vienne 1088. Administrator of Besançon 1107/09. A fierce critic of Pope Pascal II's capitulation to Emperor Heinrich V concerning the right to appoint bishops, Guy presided over a synod at Vienne Sep 1112 which declared the practice of lay investiture heretic and excommunicated the emperor. He was elected Pope CALIXTUS II by a small group of cardinals, crowned at Vienne 9 Feb 1119, his election was ratified in Rome retrospectively 1 Mar 1119. After an attempt to negotiate a compromise with the emperor, he confirmed the prohibition of lay investiture at Reims 29/30 Oct 1119, moving on to Rome which he entered triumphantly 3 Jun 1120. He besieged Sutri, in Apr 1121 forced the surrender of anti-Pope Gregory VIII, whom he humiliated by parading him on a camel through Rome. From a position of power, he was able to negotiate the end to the emperor's right of spiritual investiture, while maintaining his right of temporal investiture, agreed in the Concordat of Worms 23 Sep 1122, ratified by the First Lateran Council Mar 1123. The Series Episcoporum Viennensium records the death "1124 XIV Kal Ian" of "sanctus Guido frater Stephani Burgundie principis", specifying that he was elected Bishop of Vienne in 1088 and was buried in Rome "in ecclesia Lateranensi"[59].

6. ETIENNE [I] "Tête-Hardi" (-murdered Ascalon 27 May 1102). He and his brothers Raimond and Hugues called themselves sons of the "most noble count William" in a late-11th century document[60]. He succeeded in [1087] as Comte de Mâcon, Seigneur de Varasque. He was regent of Bourgogne-Comté during the absence of his older brother on the First Crusade[61]. He himself joined the Crusade some time after the death of his brother. He commanded troops with Etienne Comte de Blois; they were defeated by the Turks at Marsivam. William of Tyre records the presence at the second capture of Tortosa in 1102 of "Stephanus comes Burgundiæ"[62]. Albert of Aix records that he was captured at Ramla and beheaded[63]. m ([1090]) BEATRIX de Lorraine, daughter of GERARD IV Duke of Upper Lotharingia [Lorraine] & his wife Hadwide --- (-[1116/17]). "Stephanus comes Burgundie et dominus de Treva" donated property to Cluny by charter dated [1100] in which he refers to his wife as "filia ducis Lotharingie" but does not name her[64]. The primary source which names her has not yet been identified. Comte Etienne I & his wife had four children:

a) ISABELLE de Mâcon ([1090/95]-after 1125). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Elizabeth sororem comitis Raynaldi de Burgundia" as wife of "Hugo comes Campanie"[65], but the primary source which confirms their parentage has not yet been identified. m ([1110], repudiated) as his second wife, HUGUES I Comte de Troyes, son of THIBAUT III Comte de Blois & his third wife Alix de Valois ([1074]-Palestine 14 Jun 1126). Illegitimate son by an unknown father.

i) EUDES "le Champenois" . The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Odonem…de Canlita" as son of "Hugo comes Campanie" & his [second] wife but specifies that "dictum est a phisicis comiti Hugoni…non habebat possibilitatem generandi" and therefore that Eudes could not be his son[66]. Hugues Comte de Troyes refused to acknowledge Eudes as his son, who must therefore be considered illegitimate. He is called nephew of Comte Renaud III and Comte Guillaume III in charters of the archbishop of Besançon[67]. He was the ancestor of the family "de CHAMPLITTE".

- VICOMTES de DIJON, CHAMPLITTE.

b) RENAUD de Mâcon (-22 Jan 1148 or 20 Jan 1149). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Elizabeth sororem comitis Raynaldi de Burgundia" as wife of "Hugo comes Campanie"[68], but the primary source which confirms their parentage has not yet been identified. He succeeded his father in 1102 as Comte de Mâcon, under the guardianship of his uncle Guy, who was then Archbishop of Vienne[69]. He succeeded his second cousin in 1127 as RENAUD III Comte Palatin de Bourgogne. He defeated Konrad I Herzog von Zähringen, who claimed Bourgogne-Comté after the death of his nephew Comte Palatin Guillaume II. However, after refusing to swear allegiance to Emperor Lothar for his imperial lands, Renaud was captured and brought before the emperor by Herzog Konrad and these territories were confiscated. He was known as "le franc-comte", the origin of the name of the area later known as Franche-Comté. The necrology of the Priory of Saint-Martin-des-Champs records the death "XVIII Kal Feb" of "Rainaldus comes"[70]. m ([1130]) AGATHE de Lorraine, daughter of SIMON II Duke of Lorraine & his wife Adélaïde de Hainaut. 1130/48. The Gesta Friderici of Otto of Freising records the wife of Comte Renaud as "Simonis Lotharingiorum ducis filiam"[71]. Comte Renaud III refers to Agathe as his collateralis in a charter, which Bouchard suggests was a term not generally used to mean wife[72]. She was first cousin once removed of her husband but no mention of a Papal dispensation for the marriage has so far been identified. Comte Renaud III & his wife had one child:

i) BEATRIX de Bourgogne ([1145]-Jouhe near Dôle 15 Nov 1184, bur Speyer). The Continuatio Admuntensis records the marriage of Emperor Friedrich in 1156 to "Beatricem filiam Reginoldi comitis" after repudiating "filia Diepoldi marchionis"[73]. She succeeded her father in [1148/49] as BEATRIX Ctss Palatine de Bourgogne, under the regency of her uncle Guillaume. The latter attempted to usurp her titles but was defeated by Emperor Friedrich I, who later married Béatrix. She was crowned empress at St Peter's in Rome 1 Aug 1167 by Pope Pascal III[74], and crowned Queen of Burgundy at Vienne Aug 1178. m (Würzburg 17 Jun 1156) as his second wife, Emperor FRIEDRICH I "Barbarossa" King of Germany, son of FRIEDRICH II von Staufen Duke of Swabia & his first wife Judith of Bavaria [Welf] (1122-drowned Göks or Saleph River, Asia Minor 10 Jun 1190, bur Tarsus [entrails], Antioch St Peter [flesh], Tyre Cathedral [legs]).

- see below, Part B.

c) GUILLAUME de Mâcon (-27 Sep 1155). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "comes Renaldus [de Burgundia] fratrem comitem Guilelmum" when recording his marriage[75]. He succeeded in 1120 as Comte de Mâcon. Comte d'Auxonne 1127. He joined the Second Crusade 1147-1149. Regent of Bourgogne-Comté for his niece, he attempted to deprive her of her inheritance.

- COMTES de MÂCON, COMTES d'AUXONNE.

d) CLEMENCE [Marguerite] de Mâcon (-Abbaye des Ayes [28 Jan/8 Feb] 1164, bur Abbaye des Ayes). A chronicle written by "Guillaume, chanoine de l´église cathédrale de Grenoble" records the marriage of "Stephani, Burgundiæ comitis filia, soror etiam…Rainaldi et Guillelmi comitum, neptisque…papæ Calixti" and "comitis Guigonis Dalphini" in celebrations conducted by "principe Guigone Veteri, eiusdem Guigonis patre"[76]. The Aymari Rivalli De Allobrogibus records that "Guigo secundus" married "Macildam vel Clementiam filiam Stephani seu Sophini, Burgundiæ ducis, neptem papæ Claixti secundi"[77]. She founded the Abbaye des Ayes after the death of her husband. A monumental inscription at the abbey of Ayes, near Grenoble, records the death "VI Id Feb" in 1164 of "Margareta comitissa"[78]. The necrology of the priory of Saint-Robert records the death "VII Kal Jan" of "Margareta comitissa"[79]. m ([1120]) GUIGUES [VI] d'Albon Dauphin de Viennois, son of GUIGUES [V] d'Albon Dauphin de Viennois & his wife Mathilde --- ([1090/1100]-killed in battle La Buissière 28 Jun 1142, bur Notre Dame de Grenoble).

e) HUMBERT (-1162). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Archbishop of Besançon 1134-1162.

7. SIBYLLE de Bourgogne ([1065]-after 1103). "Sybilla uxor mea" witnessed the donation to Cluny of "Oddo dux Burgundie", also witnessed by "Wilelmus comes…genitor iam dicte uxoris mee"[80]. Her origin is also recorded by Orderic Vitalis[81]. Nun at the Abbaye de Fontevrault. m (1080) EUDES I "Borel" Duke of Burgundy, son of HENRI de Bourgogne "le Damoiseau" & his wife --- ([1060]-Tarsus, Cilicia 23 Mar 1103, bur Abbaye de Cîteaux, Côte-d'Or, Chapelle Saint-Georges).

8. [daughter . The Liber de Restauratione Sancti Martini Tornacensis names "Hiolendem, filiam Gerardi Babinbergensis comitis" [Gerhard Graf von Wassenberg], when recording her marriage to Baudouin III Comte de Hainaut, and specifies that Yolande was "neptem Clementia Flandrensis comitissa"[82]. The relationship between Yolande and Ctss Clémence has not been established, but this text suggests that Yolande's mother may have been the daughter of Guillaume II "le Grand" Comte de Bourgogne, and therefore the sister of Clémence. This is far from certain. Another possibility is that "neptem" should be interpreted more broadly, and that Graf Gerhard's wife was a relative of Etiennette, wife of Guillaume Comte de Bourgogne, whose origin is not known. m GERHARD Graf von Wassenberg, son of DIETRICH "Flamens" Graf & his wife --- (-before 9 Apr 1138).

9. RAYMOND de Bourgogne ([1070]-Grajal 13/20 Sep 1107, bur Santiago de Compostela, Cathedral Santiago el Mayor). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Raymundem in Hispania comitem" as brother of "Hugo…Bisuntinensis archiepiscopus", when recording the latter's appointment as archbishop[83], although in a later passage the same source records "comitis Raymundi" as "fratris comitis Pontii de Tolosa"[84] which is inconsistent with other sources. "Wilelmus comes Burgundie" names "Rainaldi et Raimundi filiorum meorum" in his donation to Cluny dated [1086][85]. "Raymundus…Burgundie comes filius Willermi…comitis" donated property to Saint-Bénigne de Dijon by charter dated to [1087/92] subscribed by "Hugonis archiepiscopi Bisuntini fratris mei, Stephani comitis fratris mei"[86]. Comte d'Amous. He joined the expedition of the Eudes I Duke of Burgundy to Spain in 1086/87, following a call from the abbey of Cluny to fight "the infidel"[87]. Reilly suggests that he was betrothed after the failure to capture Tudela in Summer 1087, when he speculates that the Burgundians would have visited the court of Castile[88]. Raymond remained in Castile following his betrothal to Infanta Urraca. "Raymondus gener regis" confirmed the donation by "Adefonsus…Hispaniarum rex…cum coniuge mea Constantia regina" of property to the monastery of San Salvador de Oña by charter dated 1 May 1092[89]. Conde de Galicia y Coimbra [before 1093], his father-in-law transferred the newly acquired cities of Lisbon, Santarém and Cintra to him in May 1093. Governor of the city of Toledo. He made a mutual pact [Dec 1094/Jul 1095] with Henri de Bourgogne, Conde de Portugal, pledging to grant him Toledo (or in default, Galicia) in return for his support in securing Castile and León for Raimond[90]. Conde de Grajal Jan 1098[91]. "Raimundus comes frater comitis Stephani" donated property to Cluny by charter dated [1100][92]. He established his principal stronghold in the castle of Grajal in 1102[93]. By this time, Raymond had acquired a commanding position in Castile as husband of the heir presumptive to the throne. A funeral elegy of "domnus Raymundus comes Hispanie qui de stirpe comitum Burgundie ortus" is recorded in the cartulary of Saint-Bénigne-de-Dijon in a charter dated 20 Sep 1107 which names "Hugo frater suus Bisuntinus archiepiscopus"[94]. m (betrothed [Summer 1087], Toledo [1 May 1092/Jan 1093]) as her first husband, Infanta doña URRACA de Castilla y León, daughter of ALFONSO VI King of Castile and León & his third wife Constance de Bourgogne [Capet] (late 1080[95]-Saldaña 8 Mar 1126, bur León, Monastery of San Isidoro). Condesa de Galicia 1093. She succeeded her father in 1109 as URRACA I Queen of Castile and León.

- KINGS OF CASTILE.

10. HUGUES de Bourgogne (-13 Sep 1103). He and his brothers Etienne and Raimond called themselves sons of the "most noble count William" in a late-11th century document[96]. Archbishop of Besançon 1086.

11. GISELE de Bourgogne ([1075]-after 1133). Her parentage is deduced from Suger saying that her daughter Adelaide, wife of Louis VI "le Gros" King of France, was the niece of Pope Calixtus II[97]. This is corroborated by "Guido Viennensis archiepiscopus" (later Pope Calixtus II) addressing a letter to "nepoti suo Amedeo comiti" (Amedée III Comte de Savoie, son of Gisèle by her first marriage) dated [1115][98]. Her date of birth is estimated from her having given birth to five children by her second husband whom she married in [1105], and assuming that she was no more than 17 years old when she gave birth to her first child by her first husband. Her second marriage is confirmed by Orderic Vitalis who records the marriage of Guillaume de Normandie and the daughter of Raniero III Marchese di Monferrato, naming both the bride's parents and specifying that the marriage was arranged by the bride's uterine half-sister, Adélaïde de Maurienne Queen of France[99]. m firstly ([1090]) HUMBERT II "le Renforcé" Comte de Maurienne et de Savoie, son of AMEDEE II Comte de Savoie Marchese di Susa & his wife Jeanne [de Genève] ([1072]-Moûtiers 19 Oct 1103, bur Moûtiers). Marchese di Turino 1094. m secondly ([1105]) RANIERI Marchese di Monferrato, son of GUGLIELMO III Marchese di Ravenna & his second wife Otta di Agledo (-[1135/37]).

12. CLEMENCE de Bourgogne ([1078]-[1133]). "Clementie Flandrarum comitisse" is named as wife of "Robertus iunior" in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin[100]. Orderic Vitalis names her as wife of Count Robert but does not give her origin[101]. Her origin is confirmed by the Genealogica Comitum Flandriæ Bertiniana which names "Clementiam filiam Willelmi comitis Burgundionum cognomento Testahardith" as wife of "Rodbertus Rodberti filius"[102]. Clemence could not have been born much later than 1078, given the birth of her first child (by her first husband) in 1093. She was appointed regent in Flanders during the absence of her first husband on crusade[103]. She promoted the monastic movement and introduced Cluniac rule into several abbeys in Flanders[104]. She founded Bourbourg Abbey with her first husband in [1103]. "Balduinus Flandrensium comes et Clementia comitissa" confirmed the donation of the church of Saint-Bertin to Cluny made by "dominus meus Rotbertus comes", by charter 12 Apr 1112[105]. She opposed the succession in 1119 of Count Charles, supporting the candidature of Guillaume d'Ypres[106]. The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not yet been identified. The Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin records the death in [1133] of "Clementia Roberti iunioris vidua" and specifies that "eatenus pene terciam partem Flandrie dotis loco tenuit"[107], although it is curious that this does not refer to her second husband who was still alive when his wife died. m firstly (before 1092) ROBERT de Flandres, son of ROBERT I "le Frison" Count of Flanders & his wife Gertrud von Sachsen (1065-5 Oct 1111). He succeeded his father in 1093 as ROBERT II Count of Flanders. m secondly ([1125]) as his second wife, GODEFROI V Duke of Lower Lotharingia, Comte de Louvain, son of HENRI II Comte de Louvain & his wife Adela [van Betuwe en Teisterbant] (-25 Jan 1139, bur Afflighem Abbey).

13. [ETIENNETTE] de Bourgogne . 1108. Her origin is proved by her husband Lambert François naming "filium…Raynaldum…nepotem archiepiscopi Guidonis" in a charter dated 1095[108]. Guy de Bourgogne, after his election as Pope Calixtus II sent a letter to Diego Bishop of Compostela recommending "Robertum Franciscum levirum suum" for a mission, "Robertum" presumably being a copyist's error for "Lambertum"[109]. The primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified. m LAMBERT FRANÇOIS de Valence Seigneur de Royans, de Peyrins et de Chabeuil, son of HUGUES Comte de Valence & his wife Adalasie de Peyrins. 1097/1125.

14. [BERTHE de Bourgogne (-19 Apr 1097/98, bur Sahagún, León, royal monastery of Santos Facundo y Primitivo). The Chronicon Regum Legionensium names "Berta, who was of Tuscan descent" ("Bertam Tuscia oriundam") as the third of the "five legitimate wives" of King Alfonso[110]. Las crónicas anónimas de Sahagún refer to her as "otra mugger de la nacion de Lombardia llamada Berta". The precise origin of Berta is not known. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[111], she was the daughter of Guillaume I Comte Palatin de Bourgogne, Comte de Vienne et de Macon, which is inconsistent with the "Tuscan descent" reported in the Chronicon Regum Legionensium. Szabolcs de Vajay suggests that she was the daughter of Guillaume Comte de Bourgogne[112]. Reilly does not mention this possible Burgundian origin of Berthe, implying that the Castilian king chose his third wife from outside the Burgundian circle in order to diminish the influence of the Burgundians at court. As Berthe de Bourgogne would have been the sister of Raymond de Bourgogne who married Infanta doña Urraca, oldest legitimate daughter of King Alfonso, around the same time that King Alfonso married Queen Berta, it is surprising that the chronicles do not refer to this relationship if it is correct. The references to "Tuscia" and "Lombardia" in the chronicles could be consistent with the family of Bourgogne [Comté] having originated in northern Italy, their ancestors being Marchesi of Ivrea until 968, although this was nearly 130 years before the date of Queen Berta's marriage. Reilly dates this marriage to "during the Christmas season of 1094", but does not state his source[113]. In a later passage, Reilly states that the first reference to Berta as queen is dated 28 Apr 1095[114]. According to Reilly, Queen Berta died shortly after the new year 1100, probably before 16 Jan[115]. In another passage, he notes that the last notice of her is dated 17 Nov 1099[116]. She was dead in 25 Jan 1100, the date of the charter under which "Adefonsus…Toletani imperii rex" donated the churches of "Sancti Facundi et Sancti Primitivi…cum sua villa…Villaverde", ceded by "comitis Monini Fernandis…in vita sua dederam uxori mee Berte regine", to Cluny, confirmed by "Raimundus totius Gallecie comes et gener regis, Urraca soror regis, Urraca regis filia et Raimundi comitis uxor, Enricus Portugalensis comes, uxor ipsius Tarasia filia regis…"[117]. m (1093 before 25 Sep) as his fourth wife, ALFONSO VI King of Castile and Leon, son of don FERNANDO I "el Magno" King of Castile and León & his wife doña Sancha de León (Compostela [1037]-Toledo 30 Jun 1109, bur Sahagún, León, San Mancio chapel in the royal monastery of Santos Facundo y Primitivo).]

B. COMTES PALATINS de BOURGOGNE 1184-1200 (HOHENSTAUFEN)

BEATRIX 1149-1184, OTHON I 1189-1200

Emperor FRIEDRICH I "Barbarossa" King of Germany, son of FRIEDRICH II von Staufen Duke of Swabia & his first wife Judith of Bavaria [Welf] (1122-drowned Göks or Saleph River, Asia Minor 10 Jun 1190, bur Tarsus [entrails], Antioch St Peter [flesh], Tyre Cathedral [legs]).

m (Würzburg 17 Jun 1156) BEATRIX Ctss Palatin de Bourgogne, daughter and heiress of RENAUD III Comte Palatin de Bourgogne & his wife Agathe de Lorraine ([1145]-Jouhe, near Dôle 15 Nov 1184, bur Speyer Cathedral). The Continuatio Admuntensis records the marriage of Emperor Friedrich in 1156 to "Beatricem filiam Reginoldi comitis" after repudiating "filia Diepoldi marchionis"[118]. She succeeded her father [1148/49] as BEATRIX Ctss Palatine de Bourgogne, under the regency of her uncle Guillaume. The latter attempted to usurp her titles but was defeated by Emperor Friedrich I, who later married Béatrix. She was crowned empress at St Peter's in Rome 1 Aug 1167 by Pope Pascal III[119], and Queen of Burgundy at Vienne Aug 1178.

Emperor Friedrich I & his wife had eleven children:

1. other children: see GERMANY.

2. OTTO von Staufen ([Jun/Jul] 1170-Besançon 13 Jan 1200, bur Besançon Saint-Etienne). He succeeded in 1189 as OTHON I Comte Palatin de Bourgogne. m ([1190]) as her second husband, MARGUERITE de Blois, widow of HUGUES [III] d'Oisy Châtelain de Cambrai, daughter of THIBAUT V "le Bon" Comte de Blois & his second wife Alix de France ([1170]-12 Jul 1230). "…Filiis quoque et filiabus meis Theobaldo et Ludovico atque Henrico, Margarita et Ysabella" consented to the donation by "Theobaldus Blesensis comes, Francie senesscalus" to Hôtel-Dieu, Châteaudun by charter dated 1183[120]. William of Tyre (Continuator) records "la fille dou conte Thibaut de Blois" being the wife of "Otes dus de Borgoigne"[121]. "Margareta uxor Galterii de Averna comitissa palatina Burgundie" confirmed an agreement between "Willelmum militem de Monasteriis" and Saint-Martin-des-Champs by charter dated [Jun/Aug] 1208 which also names "Hugo de Oysi filius Symonis vicecomitis, olim maritus meus"[122]. She succeeded her nephew in 1218 as Ctss de Blois et de Châteaudun. She married thirdly Gauthier [II] d'Avesnes Seigneur de Guise. The necrology of the abbey of Vauduisant records the death "IV Id Jul" of "comitisse Blesensis Marguerite"[123]. Comte Othon I & his wife had two children:

a) JEANNE de Bourgogne ([1191]-[1205/08], bur Besançon Saint-Etienne). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified.

b) BEATRIX de Bourgogne ([1193]-7 May 1231, bur Kloster Langheim). The A Monacho Novi Monasterii Hoiensis Interpolata names "Otto comes Alemannus de Burgundia…filiam unicam Beatricem" as wife of "Otto dux Meranie"[124]. The Notæ Diessenses record the death "1231 Non Mai" of "Beatrix ducissa Meranie"[125]. The De Fundatoribus Monasterii Diessenses records her death in 1232, specifying that she was buried "in Lancheim cum marito suo Ottone duce"[126]. Heiress of the County of Burgundy. m (Bamberg 21 May 1208) as his first wife, OTTO I von Andechs Duke of Merano, son of BERTHOLD III Duke of Merano, Marchese of Istria, Graf von Andechs & his wife Agnes von Wettin (-Besançon 7 May 1234, bur Langheim). He succeeded in 1211 as OTHON II Comte Palatin de Bourgogne. Marchese di Istria 1228/1230.

- see below, Part C.

Illegitimate son by an unknown mistress:

c) HUGO . The primar source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. 1203.

C. COMTES PALATINS de BOURGOGNE (ANDECHS-MERANO)

OTHON II 1211-1234, OTTO III 1234-1248, ALIX 1248-1279

OTTO von Andechs, son of BERTOLD III Duke of Merano, Marchese di Istria, Graf von Andechs & his wife Agnes von Wettin (-Besançon 7 May 1234, bur Langheim). The De Fundatoribus Monasterii Diessenses names "Otto dux Meranie…filius ducis Pertoldi, frater Heinrici marchionis" when recording his death in 1234[127]. He succeeded in 1205 as OTTO I Duke of Merano. He succeeded in 1211 as OTHON II Comte Palatin de Bourgogne. Marchese di Istria 1228/1230. He negotiated a loan of 15,000 livres from Champagne, with Bourgogne-Comté as security in 1237.

m firstly (Bamberg 1208) BEATRIX de Bourgogne, daughter of OTHON I Comte Palatin de Bourgogne [Staufen] & his wife Marguerite Ctss de Blois (-7 May 1231). The A Monacho Novi Monasterii Hoiensis Interpolata names "Otto comes Alemannus de Burgundia…filiam unicam Beatricem" as wife of "Otto dux Meranie"[128]. The Notæ Diessenses record the death "1231 Non Mai" of "Beatrix ducissa Meranie"[129]. The De Fundatoribus Monasterii Diessenses records her death in 1232, specifying that she was buried "in Lancheim cum marito suo Ottone duce"