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Periodic Table of Elements

Element Platinum – Pt

Comprehensive data on the chemical element Platinum is provided on this page; including scores of properties, element names in many languages, most known nuclides of Platinum. Common chemical compounds are also provided for many elements. In addition technical terms are linked to their definitions and the menu contains links to related articles that are a great aid in one studies. Using the "Periodic Table of Elements Quick Navigation" graphic at the bottom of the sidebar menu, one can quickly jump from chemical element to chemical element.

Platinum Menu

• Platinum Page One
  • Overview of Platinum
  • Platinum's Name in Other Languages
  • Atomic Structure of Platinum
  • Chemical Properties of Platinum
  • Physical Properties of Platinum
  • Regulatory / Health
  • Who/When/Where/How
• Platinum Page Two
  • Nuclides / Isotopes
  • Potential Parent Nuclides
• Platinum Page Three
  • Common Chemical Compounds of Platinum

Overview of Platinum

• Atomic Number:78
• Group: 10
• Period: 6
• Series: Transition Metals

Platinum's Name in Other Languages

• Latin: Platinum
• Czech: Platina
• Croatian: Platina
• French: Platine
• German: Platin - e
• Italian: Platino
• Norwegian: Platina
• Portuguese: Platina
• Russian:
• Spanish: Platino
• Swedish: Platina

Atomic Structure of Platinum

• Atomic Radius: 1.83Å
• Atomic Volume: 9.1cm³/mol
• Covalent Radius: 1.3Å
• Cross Section (Thermal Neutron Capture) _a/barns: 0.96
• Crystal Structure: Cubic face centered

  

• Electron Configuration:

  1s² 2s²p⁶ 3s²p⁶d¹⁰ 4s²p⁶d¹⁰f¹⁴ 5s²p⁶d⁹ 6s¹

• Electrons per Energy Level: 2,8,18,32,17,1

  Shell Model
  

• Ionic Radius: 0.625Å
• Filling Orbital: 5d⁹
• Number of Electrons (with no charge): 78
• Number of Neutrons (most common/stable nuclide): 117
• Number of Protons: 78
• Oxidation States: 2,4
• Valence Electrons: 5d⁹ 6s¹

Chemical Properties of Platinum

• Electrochemical Equivalent: 1.8197g/amp-hr
• Electron Work Function: 5.65eV
• Electronegativity: 2.28 (Pauling); 1.44 (Allrod Rochow)
• Heat of Fusion: 19.6kJ/mol
• Incompatibilities:

  Aluminum, acetone, arsenic, ethane, hydrazine, hydrogen peroxide, lithium, phosphorus, selenium, tellurium, various fluorides

• Ionization Potential
  • First: 9
  • Second: 18.563
• Valence Electron Potential (-eV): 92.2

Physical Properties of Platinum

• Atomic Mass Average: 195.08
• Boiling Point: 4100K 3827°C 6921°F
• Coefficient of lineal thermal expansion/K^-1: 9E^-6
• Conductivity

  Electrical: 0.0966 10⁶/cm
  Thermal: 0.716 W/cmK

• Density: 21.45g/cc @ 300K
• Description:

  Silver white transition metal.

• Elastic Modulus:
  • Bulk: 276/GPa
  • Rigidity: 60.9/GPa
  • Youngs: 170/GPa
• Enthalpy of Atomization: 565 kJ/mole @ 25°C
• Enthalpy of Fusion: 19.7 kJ/mole
• Enthalpy of Vaporization: 510.5 kJ/mole
• Flammablity Class: Non-combustible solid (except as dust)
• Freezing Point: see melting point
• Hardness Scale
  • Brinell: 392 MN m^-2
  • Mohs: 3.5
  • Vickers: 549 MN m^-2
• Heat of Vaporization: 510kJ/mol
• Melting Point: 2045K 1772°C 3222°F
  
• Molar Volume: 9.09 cm³/mole
• Optical Reflectivity: 73%
• Physical State (at 20°C & 1atm): Solid
• Specific Heat: 0.13J/gK
• Vapor Pressure = 0.0312Pa@1772°C

Regulatory / Health

• CAS Number
  • 7440-06-4
• RTECS: TP2160000
• OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
  • No limits set by OSHA
• OSHA PEL Vacated 1989
  • TWA: 1 mg/m³
• NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit (REL)
  • TWA: 1 mg/m³
• Routes of Exposure: Inhalation; Ingestion; Skin and/or eye contact
  
• Target Organs: Eyes, skin, respiratory system
  
• Levels In Humans:
  Note: this data represents naturally occuring levels of elements in the typical human, it DOES NOT represent recommended daily allowances.
  • Blood/mg dm^-3: n/a
  • Bone/p.p.m: n/a
  • Liver/p.p.m: n/a
  • Muscle/p.p.m: n/a
  • Daily Dietary Intake: n/a
  • Total Mass In Avg. 70kg human: n/a

Who / Where / When / How

• Discoverer: Known to pre-Columbian South Americans. Taken to Europe around 1750
• Discovery Location: South America
• Discovery Year: Unknown
• Name Origin:

  Spanish: platina (little silver).

• Abundance of Platinum:
  • Earth's Crust/p.p.m.: 0.001
  • Seawater/p.p.m.:
    • Atlantic Suface: N/A
    • Atlantic Deep: N/A
    • Pacific Surface: 1.1E-07
    • Pacific Deep: 2.7E-07
  • Atmosphere/p.p.m.: N/A
  • Sun (Relative to H=1E¹²): 56.2
• Sources of Platinum:

  Produced from platinum ore or native platinum deposits. Primary mining areas are Urals in Russia, Canada, South Africa Columbia and Peru. Annual world wide production is around 30 tons.

• Uses of Platinum:

  Used in jewelry, to make crucibles, special containers, as a catalyst, in dental crowns, as an anti-tumor agent and to make standard weights and measures. It is also combined with cobalt to produce very strong magnets.

• Additional Notes:

  Some sources attribute the discovery of platinum to Antonio de Ulloa of Spain in 1735 or Wood in 1741, however, it had been known to and used by the pre-Columbian Indians in South America long before that time. For this reason we have opted to credit the first users of platinum with the discovery, not the European explorers/scientists that "rediscovered" it and brought it to Europe.

[Last update: 2/22/2007]

Notes below

Platinum Menu

• Platinum Page One
  • Overview of Platinum
  • Platinum's Name in Other Languages
  • Atomic Structure of Platinum
  • Chemical Properties of Platinum
  • Physical Properties of Platinum
  • Regulatory / Health
  • Who/When/Where/How
• Platinum Page Two
  • Nuclides / Isotopes
  • Potential Parent Nuclides
• Platinum Page Three
  • Common Chemical Compounds of Platinum

Related Resources

• Anatomy of the Atom
  Answers many questions regarding the structure of atoms.
• Molarity, Molality and Normality
  Introduces stoichiometry and explains the differences between molarity, molality and normality.
• Molar Mass Calculations and Javascript Calculator
  Molar mass calculations are explained and there is a JavaScript calculator to aid calculations.
• Chemical Database
  This database focuses on the most common chemical compounds used in the home and industry.

Citing this page

If you need to cite this page, you can copy this text:

Kenneth Barbalace. Periodic Table of Elements - Platinum – Pt. EnvironmentalChemistry.com. 1995 - 2008. Accessed on-line: 11/18/2008
http://EnvironmentalChemistry.com/yogi/periodic/Pt.html
.