White Horde

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The White Horde (Ақ Орда/Aq Orda, Ак Урда/Aq Urda) was one of the khanates (within the Mongol Empire) formed around 1226, after the death of Genghis Khan and subsequent division of his empire. It was the western constituent part of the Golden Horde (the eastern part was the Blue Horde).

Initially it covered the western part of the territory ruled by Jochi and included western Central Asia and south-western Siberia. Its first khan was Orda-Ichen, son of Jochi. The capital of the White Horde was originally at Lake Balkhash, but later moved to Sygnaq, Kazakhstan on the Syr-Darya River.

In 1364, during the Blue Horde's period of anarchy, (1357-1380), Urus Khan, eighth khan of the White Horde, became a contested khan of both the Blue Horde and the White Horde. Urus died in 1377, and when his nephew Toqtamish wrested control of the White Horde from Urus's son Temür Malik in 1378 , he regained control of the Blue Horde as well. Toqtamish consolidated the two hordes, becoming the Khan of the Golden Horde.

Notes and references

Additional reading

Boris Grekov and Alexander Yakubovski, "The Golden Horde and its Downfall".
George Vernadsky, "The Mongols and Russia".

White Horde

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Additional reading

See also