Wayne Douglas Gretzky, OC (born January 26 1961) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey player. He is the current part-owner, head of hockey operations and head coach of the Phoenix Coyotes of the National Hockey League (NHL).
Born and raised in Brantford, Ontario, Gretzky honed his skills at a backyard rink and regularly played minor hockey at a level far above his peers.Despite his unimpressive stature, strength, and speed, Gretzky's intelligence and reading of the game were unrivaled. He was adept at dodging checks from opposing players, and he could consistently anticipate where the puck was going to be and execute the right move at the right time. Gretzky also became known for setting up behind the net, an area that was nicknamed "Gretzky's office" because of his skills there.
In 1978, he signed with the Indianapolis Racers of the World Hockey Association (WHA), where he briefly played before being traded to the Edmonton Oilers. When the WHA folded, the Oilers joined the NHL, where he established many scoring records and led his team to four Stanley Cup Championships. His trade to the Los Angeles Kings had an immediate impact on the team's performance, leading them to the 1993 Cup finals, and is credited with popularizing hockey in the southern United States. Gretzky played briefly for the St. Louis Blues and finished his career with the New York Rangers. In his career, Gretzky captured nine Hart Trophies as the most valuable player, ten Art Ross Trophies for most points in a season, five Lady Byng Trophies for sportsmanship and performance, five Lester B. Pearson Awards, and two Conn Smythe Trophies as playoff MVP.
After his retirement in 1999, he was immediately inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame, being the last player to have the waiting period waived. He became Executive Director for the Canadian national men's hockey team during the 2002 Winter Olympics, where the team won a gold medal. In 2000 he became part owner of the Phoenix Coyotes, and following the 2004–05 NHL lockout he became their head coach.
Nicknamed "The Great One", Gretzky was called "the greatest player of all time" in Total Hockey: The Official Encyclopedia of the NHL. He is generally regarded as the best player in the history of the NHL, and has been called "the greatest hockey player ever" by many sportswriters players, and coaches. Upon his retirement on April 18 1999, he held forty regular-season records, fifteen playoff records, and six All-Star records. He is the only NHL player to total over 200 points in one season—a feat he accomplished four times. In addition, he tallied over 100 points in 15 NHL seasons, 13 of them consecutively. He is the only player to have his number (99) officially retired by the NHL for all teams.
Tony and Mary owned a 25-acre vegetable farm in Canning, Ontario, while Wayne's parents Walter and Phyllis had their own apartment in Brantford where Walter worked for Bell Telephone Canada when Wayne, their first child, was born. Seven months after Wayne was born, Walter and Phyllis moved into their own home where the family grew to include Wayne's siblings Kim, Keith, Glen, and Brent. The farm was considered a second home, where the family watched Hockey Night in Canada on Saturday nights; in a sign of things to come, at age two Wayne tried to score goals against his grandmother using a souvenir stick. The farm was where Wayne ice skated for the first time, two months before his third birthday.
Walter taught Wayne and his brothers Keith, Brent, and Glen to play hockey on a rink Walter made in the back yard of their home, nicknamed the "Wally Coliseum". Drills included skating around Javex bleach bottles and tin cans, and flipping pucks over scattered hockey sticks to be able to pick up the puck again in full flight. Walter's advice included to "skate where the puck's going, not where it's been." Wayne was a classic prodigy whose extraordinary skills made him the target of jealous parents.
Gretzky's first team, at age six, was a team of ten-year-olds, starting a pattern where Gretzky always played at a level far above his peers through his minor hockey years. His first coach, Dick Martin, remarked that he handled the puck better than the ten-year-olds. According to Martin, "Wayne was so good that you could have a boy of your own who was a tremendous hockey player, and he'd get overlooked because of what the Gretzky kid was doing. The sweaters for ten-year-olds were far too large for Gretzky, who coped by tucking the sweater into his pants on the right side. He continued doing this after making it to the NHL.
By the age of ten he had scored 378 goals and 120 assists in just 85 games with the Brantford Nadrofsky Steelers. His play now attracted media attention beyond his hometown of Brantford, including a profile by John Iaboni in the Toronto Telegram in October 1971. By age 13, he had scored over 1,000 goals. His play attracted considerable negative attention from other players' parents, including those of his teammates, and he was often booed. According to Walter, the "capper" was being booed on "Brantford Day" at Toronto's Maple Leaf Gardens in February 1975.
When Gretzky was 14, his family arranged for him to move to and play hockey in Toronto, partly to further his career, and partly to remove him from the uncomfortable pressure he faced in his hometown. The Gretzkys had to legally challenge the Canadian amateur hockey associations to win Wayne the right to play elsewhere, which was disallowed at the time. The Gretzkys won, and Wayne played Junior B hockey with the Toronto Nationals. He earned Rookie of the Year honours in the Metro Junior B Hockey League in 1975–76, with 60 points in 28 games. The following year, as a 15-year-old, he had 72 points in 32 games with the same team, then known as the Seneca Nationals. In addition, he signed with his first agent, Bob Behnke.
Despite his offensive statistics, two teams bypassed him in the 1977 OMJHL Midget Draft of 16-year-olds. Oshawa picked Tom McCarthy, and Niagara Falls picked Steve Peters second overall. With the third pick, the Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds selected Gretzky, even though Walter Gretzky had told the team that Wayne would not move to Sault Ste. Marie, a northern Ontario city that inflicts a heavy traveling schedule on its junior team. The Gretzkys made an arrangement with a local family they knew and Wayne played a season in the Ontario Hockey League at the age of 16 with the Greyhounds. It was with the Greyhounds that Wayne first wore the number 99 on his jersey. He originally wanted to wear number 9—for his hockey hero Gordie Howe—but it was already being worn by a teammate. At coach Muzz MacPherson's suggestion, Gretzky settled on 99.
At 16, in his single year at the major junior level, Gretzky surpassed the OMJHL single-season scoring record, winning the OMJHL Rookie of the Year and Most Sportsmanlike awards. He was selected to play for Canada at the 1978 World Junior Championships. The youngest player in the tournament, he finished as the top scorer, was voted to the All-Star team, and was named Best Forward.
Gretzky only played eight games for Indianapolis. The Racers were losing $40,000 per game. Skalbania told Gretzky he would be moved, offering him a choice between Edmonton and Winnipeg. On the advice of his agent, Gretzky picked Edmonton, but the move was not that simple. Gretzky, goaltender Eddie Mio and forward Peter Driscoll were put on a private plane, not knowing where they would land and what team they would be joining. While in the air, Skalbania worked on the deal. Skalbania offered to play a game of backgammon with Winnipeg owner Michael Gobuty, the stakes being if Gobuty won, he would get Gretzky and if he lost, he had to give Skalbania a share of the Jets. Gobuty turned down the proposal and the players landed in Edmonton. Skalbania sold Gretzky, Mio, and Driscoll to his former partner, and then-owner of the Edmonton Oilers, Peter Pocklington. Although the announced price was $850,000, Pocklington actually paid $700,000. Mio paid the $4,000 bill for the flight with his credit card. The money was not enough to keep the Racers alive; they folded 17 games later.
One of the highlights of Gretzky’s season was his appearance in the 1979 WHA All-Star Game. The format was a three-game series between the WHA All-Stars against Dynamo Moscow. The WHA All-Stars were coached by Jacques Demers, who put Gretzky on a line with his boyhood idol Gordie Howe and his son, Mark Howe. In game one, the line scored seven points, and the WHA All-Star won by a score of 4–2. In game two, Gretzky and Mark Howe each scored a goal and Gordie Howe picked up an assist as the WHA won 4–2. The line did not score in the final game, but the WHA won by a score of 4–3.
On Gretzky's 18th birthday, January 26, 1979, Pocklington signed him to a 10-year personal services contract (the longest in hockey history) worth C$3 million, with options for 10 more years. Gretzky finished third in the league in scoring at 110 points, behind Robbie Ftorek and Real Cloutier. Gretzky captured the Lou Kaplan Trophy as rookie of the year, and helped the Oilers to first overall in the league. The Oilers reached the Avco World Trophy finals, where they lost to the Winnipeg Jets in six games. It was Gretzky's only year in the WHA, as the league folded following the season.
The Oilers, like the other surviving WHA teams, were allowed to protect two goaltenders and two skaters from being reclaimed by the established NHL teams. However, they were allowed to use one of the skater's slots to protect Gretzky. Under normal circumstances, Gretzky would have been removed from the Oilers and placed in the pool for the NHL Entry Draft. The league decided to make an exception due to his importance to the success of the Oilers and the league at large.
In his first NHL season, 1979–80, Gretzky proved his critics wrong. He was awarded the Hart Memorial Trophy as the League's Most Valuable Player (the first of eight in a row) and tied for the scoring lead with Marcel Dionne with 137 points, which remains the most points by a first-year player. Although Gretzky played 79 games to Dionne's 80, Dionne was awarded the Art Ross Trophy since he scored more goals (53 vs. 51). Gretzky became the youngest player to score 50 goals but was not eligible for the Calder Memorial Trophy, given to the top NHL rookie, because of his previous year of WHA experience. The Calder was awarded to Boston Bruins defenseman Ray Bourque.
In his second season, Gretzky won the Art Ross (the first of seven consecutive) with a then-record 164 points, breaking both Bobby Orr's record for assists in a season (102) and Phil Esposito's record for points in a season (152). He won his second straight Hart Trophy.
During the 1981–82 season, he surpassed a record that had stood for 35 years: 50 goals in 50 games. Set by Maurice "Rocket" Richard during the 1944–45 NHL season and tied by Mike Bossy during the 1980–81 NHL season, Gretzky accomplished the feat in only 39 games. His 50th goal of the season came on December 30, 1981 in the final seconds of a 7–5 win against the Philadelphia Flyers and was his fifth of the game. Later that season, Gretzky broke Esposito's record for most goals in a season (76) on February 24, 1982, scoring three goals to help beat the Buffalo Sabres 6–3. He ended the 1981–82 season with records of 92 goals, 120 assists, and 212 points in 80 games, becoming the first and only player in NHL history to break the 200–point mark. That year, Gretzky became the first hockey player and first Canadian to be named Associated Press Male Athlete of the Year. He was also named 1982 "Sportsman of the Year" by Sports Illustrated.
The following seasons saw Gretzky break his own assists record three more times (125 in 1982–83, 135 in 1984–85, and 163 in 1985–86); he also bettered that mark (120 assists) in 1986–87 with 121 and 1990–91 with 122, and his point record one more time (215). By the time he finished playing in Edmonton, he held or shared 49 NHL records, which in itself was a record.
The Edmonton Oilers finished first overall in their last WHA regular season. The same success was not immediate when they joined the NHL, but within four seasons, the Oilers were competing for the Stanley Cup. The Oilers were a young, strong team featuring forwards Mark Messier, Gretzky, Glenn Anderson and Jari Kurri, defenceman Paul Coffey, and goaltender Grant Fuhr. Gretzky was its captain from 1983–88. In 1983, they made it to the Stanley Cup Finals, only to be swept by the three-time defending champion New York Islanders. The following season, the Oilers met the Islanders in the Finals again, this time winning the Stanley Cup, their first of five in seven years. Gretzky was named an officer of the Order of Canada on June 25, 1984 for outstanding contribution to the sport of hockey. Since the Order ceremonies are always held during the hockey season, it took 13 years and 7 months—and two Governors-General—before he could accept the honour. The Oilers also won the Cup with Gretzky in 1985, 1987, and 1988; and without him in 1990 with Messier as captain.
On August 9, 1988, in a move that heralded significant change in the NHL, the Oilers traded Gretzky, along with McSorley and Krushelnyski, to the Los Angeles Kings for Jimmy Carson, Martin Gelinas, $15 million in cash, and the Kings' first-round draft picks in 1989 (later traded to the New Jersey Devils—New Jersey selected Jason Miller), 1991 (Martin Rucinsky), and 1993 (Nick Stajduhar). "The Trade", as it came to be known, upset Canadians to the extent that New Democratic Party House Leader Nelson Riis demanded that the government block it, and Pocklington was burned in effigy outside the Northlands Coliseum. Gretzky himself was considered a "traitor" by some Canadians for turning his back on his adopted hometown, his home province, and his home country; his motivation was widely rumoured to be the furtherance of his wife's acting career.
Edmontonians bore no grudge against Gretzky. On his first appearance in Edmonton after the trade—a game that was nationally televised in Canada—he received a four-minute standing ovation. The arena was sold out, and the attendance of 17,503 was the Oilers' biggest crowd ever to that date. Large cheers erupted for his first shift, his first touch of the puck, his two assists and for Mark Messier's body check of Gretzky into the boards. After the game, Gretzky took the opportunity to confirm his patriotism: "I'm still proud to be a Canadian. I didn't desert my country. I moved because I was traded and that's where my job is. But I'm Canadian to the core. I hope Canadians understand that." After the 1988–89 season, a life-sized bronze statue of Gretzky was erected outside the Northlands Coliseum, holding the Stanley Cup over his head (picture shown above, to the right).
Gretzky's first season in Los Angeles saw a marked increase in attendance and fan interest in a city not previously known for following hockey. The Kings now boasted of numerous sellouts. Many credit Gretzky's arrival with putting non-traditional US hockey markets on "the NHL map"; not only did California receive two more NHL franchises (the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim and San Jose Sharks) during Gretzky's tenure in L.A., but his popularity in Southern California proved to be an impetus in the league establishing teams in other parts of the US Sun Belt.
Gretzky was sidelined for much of the 1992–93 regular season with an upper back injury, the only year in which he did not lead his team in scoring. However, he performed very well in the playoffs, notably when he scored a hat trick in Game 7 of the Campbell Conference Finals against the Toronto Maple Leafs. This victory propelled the Kings into the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time in franchise history, where they faced the Montreal Canadiens. After winning the first game of the series by a score of 4–1, the team lost the next three games in overtime, and then fell 4–1 in the deciding fifth game where Gretzky failed to get a shot on net. The next season, Gretzky broke Gordie Howe's career goal-scoring record and won the scoring title, but the team began a long slide, and despite numerous player and coaching moves, they failed to qualify for the playoffs again until 1998. Long before then, running out of time and looking for a team with which he could win again, Gretzky had been traded from the Kings at his request.
Gretzky ended his professional career with the New York Rangers, where he played his final three seasons and helped the team reach the Eastern Conference Finals in 1997. The Rangers were defeated in the conference finals by the Philadelphia Flyers, despite Gretzky leading the Rangers in the playoffs with 10 goals and 10 assists. For the first time in his NHL career, Gretzky was not named captain, although he briefly wore the captain's 'C' in 1998 when captain Brian Leetch was injured and out of the lineup. After the 1996–97 season, Mark Messier signed a free agent contract with the Vancouver Canucks, ending the brief reunion of Messier and Gretzky after just one season. With Messier's departure from the Rangers, the spotlight was on Gretzky once again. The Rangers, however, did not return to the playoffs during the remainder of Gretzky's career..
In 1997, prior to his retirement, The Hockey News named a committee of 50 hockey experts (former NHL players, past and present writers, broadcasters, coaches, and hockey executives) to select and rank the 50 greatest players in NHL history. The experts voted Gretzky number one.
He participated in the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan. However, Gretzky, Steve Yzerman, and Ray Bourque were passed over for the captaincy in favour of the younger Eric Lindros. Expectations were high for the Canadian team, but without the presence of Mario Lemieux (with whom Gretzky did well in the 1987 Canada Cup) and several other star Canadians due to injury, the team lost to the Czech Republic in the semi-finals. There was some additional controversy when Gretzky was not selected by coach Marc Crawford for the decisive shootout. Team Canada then lost the bronze medal game 3–2 to Finland, but Gretzky was said to have encouraged all of his teammates to attend the closing ceremony afterwards.
The 1998–99 season was his last season. He reached one milestone in this last season, breaking the professional total (regular season and playoffs) goal-scoring record of 1,071, which had been held by Gordie Howe. Gretzky was having difficulty scoring this season and finished with only nine goals, but his last goal brought his scoring total for his combined NHL/WHA career to 1,072. As the season wound down, there was media speculation that Gretzky would retire, but he refused to announce his retirement. His last NHL game in Canada was on 1999-04-15, a 2–2 tie with the Ottawa Senators, the Rangers' second-to-last game of the season. Following the contest, instead of the usual three stars announcement, Gretzky was named the game's only star. (Gretzky was named all three stars). It was only after this game, after returning to New York that Gretzky announced his retirement, before the Rangers' last game of the season.
The final game of Gretzky's career was a 2–1 overtime loss to the Pittsburgh Penguins on April 18, 1999 in Madison Square Garden. The national anthems in that game were adjusted to accommodate Gretzky's departure. In place of "O Canada, we stand on guard for thee", Bryan Adams sang "We're going to miss you, Wayne Gretzky". "The Star-Spangled Banner", sung by John Amirante, was changed from "O'er the land of the free" to "O'er the land of Wayne Gretzky". He scored his final point in this game, assisting on the lone New York goal scored by Brian Leetch. At the time of his retirement, Gretzky was the second-to-last WHA player still active in professional hockey, Mark Messier being the last.
Gretzky's skills were developed on a backyard rink at his home, with extraordinary dedication and the encouragement and teachings of his father Walter. Walter Gretzky had played Junior B hockey, but was slowed by chicken pox and failed in a tryout for the Junior A Toronto Marlboros, ending his playing career. Walter cultivated a love of hockey in his sons and provided them with a backyard rink and drills to enhance their skills. On the backyard rink, nicknamed the "Wally Coliseum", winter was total hockey immersion with Walter as mentor-teacher as well as teammate. According to Brent Gretzky, "It was definitely pressed on us, but we loved the game. Without the direction of the father, I don't know where I'd be.
The rink itself was built so that Walter could keep an eye on his boys from the warmth of his kitchen, instead of watching them outdoors on a neighbourhood rink, as Wayne put in long hours on skates. Walter's drills were his own invention, but were ahead of their time in Canada. Wayne remarked that the Soviet National Team's practice drills, which impressed Canada in 1972, had nothing to offer him: "I'd been doing these drills since I was three. My dad was very smart."
Where Wayne differed was in the extraordinary commitment of time on the ice. In his autobiography, he wrote:
Wayne would prod next-door neighbour Brian Rizzetto to play goal after sundown to practice his backhand.
Wayne's excellence at hockey was matched in baseball and lacrosse, which he played during the summer. At age 10, after scoring 196 goals in his hockey league, he scored 158 goals in lacrosse. According to Wayne, lacrosse was where he learned to protect himself from hard body checking: "In those days you could be hit from behind in lacrosse, as well as cross-checked, so you had to learn how to roll body checks for self-protection. Wayne applied this skill to the NHL, avoiding checks to the point that it was claimed that there was an unwritten rule not to hit Gretzky. Gretzky insisted that the skill was necessary for self-defense as he only weighed 170 pounds.
Gretzky became known for setting up behind the net, an area that was nicknamed "Gretzky's office" because of his skills there. He could pass to teammates like Luc Robitaille and Jari Kurri, or jump out quickly for a wrap-around shot. Gretzky became accustomed to the position after watching and studying Bobby Clarke play in that zone. In honour of that, for his last game there were two large "99"s painted on the ice behind the goal. Hall of Fame defenceman Bobby Orr said of Gretzky, "He passes better than anybody I've ever seen. And he thinks so far ahead. Gretzky himself referred to it as having "... a feeling about where a teammate is going to be, a lot of times, I can turn and pass without looking."
In 2005, rumours began regarding Gretzky becoming the head coach of the team, but were nixed by Gretzky and the rest of the Coyotes' ownership. Despite previous denials, on August 8 2005, Gretzky agreed to become the new coach of the Coyotes. Gretzky made his coaching debut on October 5, 2005, the opening night of the 2005–06 NHL season, losing 3–2 to the Vancouver Canucks. His first coaching victory was October 8, 2005, beating the Minnesota Wild 2–1. Gretzky took an indefinite leave of absence as coach on December 17, 2005, to care for his ill mother in Brantford, Ontario. His mother lost her battle to lung cancer two days later, passing away on December 19, 2005. Assistant coach Rick Tocchet assumed the position until Gretzky's return on December 28.
In 2006, the Coyotes ownership partnership changed, with an agreement for Moyes to take over majority ownership of the team, and Ellman to take over the majority ownership of the Glendale Arena and Westgate development. A period of uncertainty ensued about Gretzky's role until Coyotes' new CEO Jeff Shumway announced on May 31, 2006 that Gretzky had agreed to a new five-year contract to remain as head coach. He remains a minority owner and managing partner. Although the Coyotes still have a general manager (first Barnett, then Don Maloney), Gretzky has the final say in hockey matters.
Gretzky again acted as Executive Director of Canada's men's hockey team at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy, though not with the success of 2002; the team was eliminated in the quarterfinals and failed to win a medal. He was asked to manage Canada's team at the 2005 Ice Hockey World Championships, but declined due to his mother's poor health.
Wayne and Janet were married on July 17, 1988. "The Royal Wedding" was broadcast live throughout Canada from Edmonton's St. Joseph's Basilica, although neither Gretzky nor Jones are Roman Catholic. Members of the Fire Department acted as guards at the church steps. The event reportedly cost Gretzky over US$1 million. Gretzky obtained American citizenship after the wedding, and has since resided in the United States. Eddie Mio was best man, and Alan Thicke was master of ceremonies. As wedding presents, Thicke gave them the cushions to the seats they sat in when they first went for dinner together. Wayne gave Janet a Rolls-Royce Corniche automobile.
Janet and Wayne have five children: Paulina, (born December 19 1988), Ty Robert (born July 9, 1990), Trevor Douglas (born September 14, 1992), Tristan Wayne (born August 2 2000), and Emma Marie (born March 28, 2003). Ty now plays for Shattuck-Saint Mary's Midget AA hockey team, the same school that produced Sidney Crosby.
Gretzky has owned or partnered in the ownership of two sports teams before becoming a partner in the Phoenix Coyotes. In 1985, Gretzky bought the Hull Olympiques of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League for $175,000 CA. During his ownership, the team's colors were changed to silver and black, presaging the change in team jersey colors when he played for the Los Angeles Kings. For the first season that Gretzky played in Los Angeles, the Kings had their training camp at the Olympiques' arena. Gretzky eventually sold the team in 1992 for $550,000 CA.
In 1991, Gretzky purchased the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League with Bruce McNall and John Candy. The club won the Grey Cup championship in the first year of the partnership but struggled in the two following seasons, and the partnership sold the team before the 1994 season. Only McNall's name was engraved on the Grey Cup as team owner, but in November 2007, the CFL corrected the oversight, adding Gretzky's and Candy's names. In 1992, Gretzky and McNall partnered in an investment to buy a rare Honus Wagner T206 cigarette card for $500,000 US, later selling the card. It most recently sold for $2.8 million US.
As of May 2008, Gretzky's current business ventures include the "Wayne Gretzky's" restaurant in Toronto near the football stadium in downtown Toronto, opened in partnership with John Bitove in 1993. Gretzky is also a partner in First Team Sports, a maker of sports equipment and Worldwide Roller Hockey, Inc., an operator of roller hockey rinks. He has endorsed and launched a wide variety of products, from pillow cases to insurance. Forbes estimates that Gretzky earned US$93.8 million from 1990–98.
Source: Players: Wayne Gretzky. NHL. Retrieved on 2008-05-05..
GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty Minutes; +/– = Plus/Minus; PP = Powerplay Goals; SH = Shorthanded Goals; GW = Game-Winning Goals
| Regular season | Playoffs | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Season | Team | League | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM | +/– | PP | SH | GW | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM | ||
| 1975–76 | Toronto Nationals | MetJHL | 28 | 27 | 33 | 60 | 7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 1976–77 | Seneca Nationals | MetJHL | 32 | 36 | 36 | 72 | 35 | — | — | — | — | 23 | 40 | 35 | 75 | — | ||
| 1976–77 | Peterborough Petes | OHL | 3 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 1977–78 | Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds | OHL | 64 | 70 | 112 | 182 | 14 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 1978–79 | Indianapolis Racers | WHA | 8 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 1978–79 | Edmonton Oilers | WHA | 72 | 43 | 61 | 104 | 19 | — | — | — | — | 13 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 2 | ||
| 1979–80 | Edmonton Oilers | NHL | 79 | 51 | 86 | 137 | 21 | +15 | 13 | 1 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0 | ||
| 1980–81 | Edmonton Oilers | NHL | 80 | 55 | 109 | 164 | 28 | +41 | 15 | 4 | 3 | 9 | 7 | 14 | 21 | 4 | ||
| 1981–82 | Edmonton Oilers | NHL | 80 | 92 | 120 | 212 | 26 | +81 | 18 | 6 | 12 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 12 | 8 | ||
| 1982–83 | Edmonton Oilers | NHL | 80 | 71 | 125 | 196 | 59 | +60 | 18 | 6 | 9 | 16 | 12 | 26 | 38 | 4 | ||
| 1983–84 | Edmonton Oilers | NHL | 74 | 87 | 118 | 205 | 39 | +76 | 20 | 12 | 11 | 19 | 13 | 22 | 35 | 12 | ||
| 1984–85 | Edmonton Oilers | NHL | 80 | 73 | 135 | 208 | 52 | +98 | 8 | 11 | 7 | 18 | 17 | 30 | 47 | 4 | ||
| 1985–86 | Edmonton Oilers | NHL | 80 | 52 | 163 | 215 | 46 | +71 | 11 | 3 | 6 | 10 | 8 | 11 | 19 | 2 | ||
| 1986–87 | Edmonton Oilers | NHL | 79 | 62 | 121 | 183 | 28 | +70 | 13 | 7 | 4 | 21 | 5 | 29 | 34 | 6 | ||
| 1987–88 | Edmonton Oilers | NHL | 64 | 40 | 109 | 149 | 24 | +39 | 9 | 5 | 3 | 19 | 12 | 31 | 43 | 16 | ||
| 1988–89 | Los Angeles Kings | NHL | 78 | 54 | 114 | 168 | 26 | +15 | 11 | 5 | 5 | 11 | 5 | 17 | 22 | 0 | ||
| 1989–90 | Los Angeles Kings | NHL | 73 | 40 | 102 | 142 | 42 | +8 | 10 | 4 | 4 | 7 | 3 | 7 | 10 | 0 | ||
| 1990–91 | Los Angeles Kings | NHL | 78 | 41 | 122 | 163 | 16 | +30 | 8 | 0 | 5 | 12 | 4 | 11 | 15 | 2 | ||
| 1991–92 | Los Angeles Kings | NHL | 74 | 31 | 90 | 121 | 34 | -12 | 12 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 2 | ||
| 1992–93 | Los Angeles Kings | NHL | 45 | 16 | 49 | 65 | 6 | +6 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 24 | 15 | 25 | 40 | 4 | ||
| 1993–94 | Los Angeles Kings | NHL | 81 | 38 | 92 | 130 | 20 | -25 | 14 | 4 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 1994–95 | Los Angeles Kings | NHL | 48 | 11 | 37 | 48 | 6 | -20 | 3 | 0 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 1995–96 | Los Angeles Kings | NHL | 62 | 15 | 66 | 81 | 32 | -7 | 5 | 0 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 1995–96 | St. Louis Blues | NHL | 18 | 8 | 13 | 21 | 2 | -6 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 13 | 2 | 14 | 16 | 0 | ||
| 1996–97 | New York Rangers | NHL | 82 | 25 | 72 | 97 | 28 | +12 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 15 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 2 | ||
| 1997–98 | New York Rangers | NHL | 82 | 23 | 67 | 90 | 28 | -11 | 6 | 0 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 1998–99 | New York Rangers | NHL | 70 | 9 | 53 | 62 | 14 | -23 | 3 | 0 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| NHL career totals (20 seasons) | 1,487 | 894 | 1,963 | 2,857 | 577 | +518 | 204 | 73 | 91 | 208 | 122 | 260 | 382 | 66 | ||||
| Year | Event | Team | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM | Medal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1978 | World Junior Championships | Canada | 6 | 8 | 9 | 17 | 2 | Bronze |
| 1981 | Canada Cup | Canada | 7 | 5 | 7 | 12 | 2 | Silver |
| 1982 | World Championships | Canada | 10 | 6 | 8 | 14 | 0 | Bronze |
| 1984 | Canada Cup | Canada | 8 | 5 | 7 | 12 | 2 | Gold |
| 1987 | Rendez-vous '87 | NHL All-Stars | 2 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 0 | N/A |
| 1987 | Canada Cup | Canada | 9 | 3 | 18 | 21 | 2 | Gold |
| 1991 | Canada Cup | Canada | 7 | 4 | 8 | 12 | 2 | Gold |
| 1996 | World Cup | Canada | 8 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 2 | Silver |
| 1998 | Winter Olympics | Canada | 6 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 2 | none |
| International totals | 63 | 34 | 69 | 103 | 14 | |||
As of May 2008, Gretzky is active as the head coach of the Phoenix Coyotes.
| Team | Year | Regular Season | Post Season | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G | W | L | OTL | Pts | Finish | Result | ||
| PHX | 2005–06 | 82 | 38 | 39 | 5 | 81 | 5th in Pacific | Missed playoffs |
| PHX | 2006–07 | 82 | 31 | 46 | 5 | 67 | 5th in Pacific | Missed playoffs |
| PHX | 2007–08 | 82 | 38 | 37 | 7 | 83 | 4th in Pacific | Missed playoffs |
| Total | 246 | 107 | 122 | 17 | Points %: 46.95 % | |||
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Wayne Douglas Gretzky, OC (born January 26 1961) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey player. He is the current part-owner, head of hockey operations and head coach of the Phoenix Coyotes of the National Hockey League (NHL).
Born and raised in Brantford, Ontario, Gretzky honed his skills at a backyard rink and regularly played minor hockey at a level far above his peers.Despite his unimpressive stature, strength, and speed, Gretzky's intelligence and reading of the game were unrivaled. He was adept at dodging checks from opposing players, and he could consistently anticipate where the puck was going to be and execute the right move at the right time. Gretzky also became known for setting up behind the net, an area that was nicknamed "Gretzky's office" because of his skills there.
In 1978, he signed with the Indianapolis Racers of the World Hockey Association (WHA), where he briefly played before being traded to the Edmonton Oilers. When the WHA folded, the Oilers joined the NHL, where he established many scoring records and led his team to four Stanley Cup Championships. His trade to the Los Angeles Kings had an immediate impact on the team's performance, leading them to the 1993 Cup finals, and is credited with popularizing hockey in the southern United States. Gretzky played briefly for the St. Louis Blues and finished his career with the New York Rangers. In his career, Gretzky captured nine Hart Trophies as the most valuable player, ten Art Ross Trophies for most points in a season, five Lady Byng Trophies for sportsmanship and performance, five Lester B. Pearson Awards, and two Conn Smythe Trophies as playoff MVP.
After his retirement in 1999, he was immediately inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame, being the last player to have the waiting period waived. He became Executive Director for the Canadian national men's hockey team during the 2002 Winter Olympics, where the team won a gold medal. In 2000 he became part owner of the Phoenix Coyotes, and following the 2004–05 NHL lockout he became their head coach.
Nicknamed "The Great One", Gretzky was called "the greatest player of all time" in Total Hockey: The Official Encyclopedia of the NHL. He is generally regarded as the best player in the history of the NHL, and has been called "the greatest hockey player ever" by many sportswriters players, and coaches. Upon his retirement on April 18 1999, he held forty regular-season records, fifteen playoff records, and six All-Star records. He is the only NHL player to total over 200 points in one season—a feat he accomplished four times. In addition, he tallied over 100 points in 15 NHL seasons, 13 of them consecutively. He is the only player to have his number (99) officially retired by the NHL for all teams.
Tony and Mary owned a 25-acre vegetable farm in Canning, Ontario, while Wayne's parents Walter and Phyllis had their own apartment in Brantford where Walter worked for Bell Telephone Canada when Wayne, their first child, was born. Seven months after Wayne was born, Walter and Phyllis moved into their own home where the family grew to include Wayne's siblings Kim, Keith, Glen, and Brent. The farm was considered a second home, where the family watched Hockey Night in Canada on Saturday nights; in a sign of things to come, at age two Wayne tried to score goals against his grandmother using a souvenir stick. The farm was where Wayne ice skated for the first time, two months before his third birthday.
Walter taught Wayne and his brothers Keith, Brent, and Glen to play hockey on a rink Walter made in the back yard of their home, nicknamed the "Wally Coliseum". Drills included skating around Javex bleach bottles and tin cans, and flipping pucks over scattered hockey sticks to be able to pick up the puck again in full flight. Walter's advice included to "skate where the puck's going, not where it's been." Wayne was a classic prodigy whose extraordinary skills made him the target of jealous parents.
Gretzky's first team, at age six, was a team of ten-year-olds, starting a pattern where Gretzky always played at a level far above his peers through his minor hockey years. His first coach, Dick Martin, remarked that he handled the puck better than the ten-year-olds. According to Martin, "Wayne was so good that you could have a boy of your own who was a tremendous hockey player, and he'd get overlooked because of what the Gretzky kid was doing. The sweaters for ten-year-olds were far too large for Gretzky, who coped by tucking the sweater into his pants on the right side. He continued doing this after making it to the NHL.
By the age of ten he had scored 378 goals and 120 assists in just 85 games with the Brantford Nadrofsky Steelers. His play now attracted media attention beyond his hometown of Brantford, including a profile by John Iaboni in the Toronto Telegram in October 1971. By age 13, he had scored over 1,000 goals. His play attracted considerable negative attention from other players' parents, including those of his teammates, and he was often booed. According to Walter, the "capper" was being booed on "Brantford Day" at Toronto's Maple Leaf Gardens in February 1975.
When Gretzky was 14, his family arranged for him to move to and play hockey in Toronto, partly to further his career, and partly to remove him from the uncomfortable pressure he faced in his hometown. The Gretzkys had to legally challenge the Canadian amateur hockey associations to win Wayne the right to play elsewhere, which was disallowed at the time. The Gretzkys won, and Wayne played Junior B hockey with the Toronto Nationals. He earned Rookie of the Year honours in the Metro Junior B Hockey League in 1975–76, with 60 points in 28 games. The following year, as a 15-year-old, he had 72 points in 32 games with the same team, then known as the Seneca Nationals. In addition, he signed with his first agent, Bob Behnke.
Despite his offensive statistics, two teams bypassed him in the 1977 OMJHL Midget Draft of 16-year-olds. Oshawa picked Tom McCarthy, and Niagara Falls picked Steve Peters second overall. With the third pick, the Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds selected Gretzky, even though Walter Gretzky had told the team that Wayne would not move to Sault Ste. Marie, a northern Ontario city that inflicts a heavy traveling schedule on its junior team. The Gretzkys made an arrangement with a local family they knew and Wayne played a season in the Ontario Hockey League at the age of 16 with the Greyhounds. It was with the Greyhounds that Wayne first wore the number 99 on his jersey. He originally wanted to wear number 9—for his hockey hero Gordie Howe—but it was already being worn by a teammate. At coach Muzz MacPherson's suggestion, Gretzky settled on 99.
At 16, in his single year at the major junior level, Gretzky surpassed the OMJHL single-season scoring record, winning the OMJHL Rookie of the Year and Most Sportsmanlike awards. He was selected to play for Canada at the 1978 World Junior Championships. The youngest player in the tournament, he finished as the top scorer, was voted to the All-Star team, and was named Best Forward.
Gretzky only played eight games for Indianapolis. The Racers were losing $40,000 per game. Skalbania told Gretzky he would be moved, offering him a choice between Edmonton and Winnipeg. On the advice of his agent, Gretzky picked Edmonton, but the move was not that simple. Gretzky, goaltender Eddie Mio and forward Peter Driscoll were put on a private plane, not knowing where they would land and what team they would be joining. While in the air, Skalbania worked on the deal. Skalbania offered to play a game of backgammon with Winnipeg owner Michael Gobuty, the stakes being if Gobuty won, he would get Gretzky and if he lost, he had to give Skalbania a share of the Jets. Gobuty turned down the proposal and the players landed in Edmonton. Skalbania sold Gretzky, Mio, and Driscoll to his former partner, and then-owner of the Edmonton Oilers, Peter Pocklington. Although the announced price was $850,000, Pocklington actually paid $700,000. Mio paid the $4,000 bill for the flight with his credit card. The money was not enough to keep the Racers alive; they folded 17 games later.
One of the highlights of Gretzky’s season was his appearance in the 1979 WHA All-Star Game. The format was a three-game series between the WHA All-Stars against Dynamo Moscow. The WHA All-Stars were coached by Jacques Demers, who put Gretzky on a line with his boyhood idol Gordie Howe and his son, Mark Howe. In game one, the line scored seven points, and the WHA All-Star won by a score of 4–2. In game two, Gretzky and Mark Howe each scored a goal and Gordie Howe picked up an assist as the WHA won 4–2. The line did not score in the final game, but the WHA won by a score of 4–3.
On Gretzky's 18th birthday, January 26, 1979, Pocklington signed him to a 10-year personal services contract (the longest in hockey history) worth C$3 million, with options for 10 more years. Gretzky finished third in the league in scoring at 110 points, behind Robbie Ftorek and Real Cloutier. Gretzky captured the Lou Kaplan Trophy as rookie of the year, and helped the Oilers to first overall in the league. The Oilers reached the Avco World Trophy finals, where they lost to the Winnipeg Jets in six games. It was Gretzky's only year in the WHA, as the league folded following the season.
The Oilers, like the other surviving WHA teams, were allowed to protect two goaltenders and two skaters from being reclaimed by the established NHL teams. However, they were allowed to use one of the skater's slots to protect Gretzky. Under normal circumstances, Gretzky would have been removed from the Oilers and placed in the pool for the NHL Entry Draft. The league decided to make an exception due to his importance to the success of the Oilers and the league at large.
In his first NHL season, 1979–80, Gretzky proved his critics wrong. He was awarded the Hart Memorial Trophy as the League's Most Valuable Player (the first of eight in a row) and tied for the scoring lead with Marcel Dionne with 137 points, which remains the most points by a first-year player. Although Gretzky played 79 games to Dionne's 80, Dionne was awarded the Art Ross Trophy since he scored more goals (53 vs. 51). Gretzky became the youngest player to score 50 goals but was not eligible for the Calder Memorial Trophy, given to the top NHL rookie, because of his previous year of WHA experience. The Calder was awarded to Boston Bruins defenseman Ray Bourque.
In his second season, Gretzky won the Art Ross (the first of seven consecutive) with a then-record 164 points, breaking both Bobby Orr's record for assists in a season (102) and Phil Esposito's record for points in a season (152). He won his second straight Hart Trophy.
During the 1981–82 season, he surpassed a record that had stood for 35 years: 50 goals in 50 games. Set by Maurice "Rocket" Richard during the 1944–45 NHL season and tied by Mike Bossy during the 1980–81 NHL season, Gretzky accomplished the feat in only 39 games. His 50th goal of the season came on December 30, 1981 in the final seconds of a 7–5 win against the Philadelphia Flyers and was his fifth of the game. Later that season, Gretzky broke Esposito's record for most goals in a season (76) on February 24, 1982, scoring three goals to help beat the Buffalo Sabres 6–3. He ended the 1981–82 season with records of 92 goals, 120 assists, and 212 points in 80 games, becoming the first and only player in NHL history to break the 200–point mark. That year, Gretzky became the first hockey player and first Canadian to be named Associated Press Male Athlete of the Year. He was also named 1982 "Sportsman of the Year" by Sports Illustrated.
The following seasons saw Gretzky break his own assists record three more times (125 in 1982–83, 135 in 1984–85, and 163 in 1985–86); he also bettered that mark (120 assists) in 1986–87 with 121 and 1990–91 with 122, and his point record one more time (215). By the time he finished playing in Edmonton, he held or shared 49 NHL records, which in itself was a record.
The Edmonton Oilers finished first overall in their last WHA regular season. The same success was not immediate when they joined the NHL, but within four seasons, the Oilers were competing for the Stanley Cup. The Oilers were a young, strong team featuring forwards Mark Messier, Gretzky, Glenn Anderson and Jari Kurri, defenceman Paul Coffey, and goaltender Grant Fuhr. Gretzky was its captain from 1983–88. In 1983, they made it to the Stanley Cup Finals, only to be swept by the three-time defending champion New York Islanders. The following season, the Oilers met the Islanders in the Finals again, this time winning the Stanley Cup, their first of five in seven years. Gretzky was named an officer of the Order of Canada on June 25, 1984 for outstanding contribution to the sport of hockey. Since the Order ceremonies are always held during the hockey season, it took 13 years and 7 months—and two Governors-General—before he could accept the honour. The Oilers also won the Cup with Gretzky in 1985, 1987, and 1988; and without him in 1990 with Messier as captain.
On August 9, 1988, in a move that heralded significant change in the NHL, the Oilers traded Gretzky, along with McSorley and Krushelnyski, to the Los Angeles Kings for Jimmy Carson, Martin Gelinas, $15 million in cash, and the Kings' first-round draft picks in 1989 (later traded to the New Jersey Devils—New Jersey selected Jason Miller), 1991 (Martin Rucinsky), and 1993 (Nick Stajduhar). "The Trade", as it came to be known, upset Canadians to the extent that New Democratic Party House Leader Nelson Riis demanded that the government block it, and Pocklington was burned in effigy outside the Northlands Coliseum. Gretzky himself was considered a "traitor" by some Canadians for turning his back on his adopted hometown, his home province, and his home country; his motivation was widely rumoured to be the furtherance of his wife's acting career.
Edmontonians bore no grudge against Gretzky. On his first appearance in Edmonton after the trade—a game that was nationally televised in Canada—he received a four-minute standing ovation. The arena was sold out, and the attendance of 17,503 was the Oilers' biggest crowd ever to that date. Large cheers erupted for his first shift, his first touch of the puck, his two assists and for Mark Messier's body check of Gretzky into the boards. After the game, Gretzky took the opportunity to confirm his patriotism: "I'm still proud to be a Canadian. I didn't desert my country. I moved because I was traded and that's where my job is. But I'm Canadian to the core. I hope Canadians understand that." After the 1988–89 season, a life-sized bronze statue of Gretzky was erected outside the Northlands Coliseum, holding the Stanley Cup over his head (picture shown above, to the right).
Gretzky's first season in Los Angeles saw a marked increase in attendance and fan interest in a city not previously known for following hockey. The Kings now boasted of numerous sellouts. Many credit Gretzky's arrival with putting non-traditional US hockey markets on "the NHL map"; not only did California receive two more NHL franchises (the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim and San Jose Sharks) during Gretzky's tenure in L.A., but his popularity in Southern California proved to be an impetus in the league establishing teams in other parts of the US Sun Belt.
Gretzky was sidelined for much of the 1992–93 regular season with an upper back injury, the only year in which he did not lead his team in scoring. However, he performed very well in the playoffs, notably when he scored a hat trick in Game 7 of the Campbell Conference Finals against the Toronto Maple Leafs. This victory propelled the Kings into the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time in franchise history, where they faced the Montreal Canadiens. After winning the first game of the series by a score of 4–1, the team lost the next three games in overtime, and then fell 4–1 in the deciding fifth game where Gretzky failed to get a shot on net. The next season, Gretzky broke Gordie Howe's career goal-scoring record and won the scoring title, but the team began a long slide, and despite numerous player and coaching moves, they failed to qualify for the playoffs again until 1998. Long before then, running out of time and looking for a team with which he could win again, Gretzky had been traded from the Kings at his request.
Gretzky ended his professional career with the New York Rangers, where he played his final three seasons and helped the team reach the Eastern Conference Finals in 1997. The Rangers were defeated in the conference finals by the Philadelphia Flyers, despite Gretzky leading the Rangers in the playoffs with 10 goals and 10 assists. For the first time in his NHL career, Gretzky was not named captain, although he briefly wore the captain's 'C' in 1998 when captain Brian Leetch was injured and out of the lineup. After the 1996–97 season, Mark Messier signed a free agent contract with the Vancouver Canucks, ending the brief reunion of Messier and Gretzky after just one season. With Messier's departure from the Rangers, the spotlight was on Gretzky once again. The Rangers, however, did not return to the playoffs during the remainder of Gretzky's career..
In 1997, prior to his retirement, The Hockey News named a committee of 50 hockey experts (former NHL players, past and present writers, broadcasters, coaches, and hockey executives) to select and rank the 50 greatest players in NHL history. The experts voted Gretzky number one.
He participated in the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan. However, Gretzky, Steve Yzerman, and Ray Bourque were passed over for the captaincy in favour of the younger Eric Lindros. Expectations were high for the Canadian team, but without the presence of Mario Lemieux (with whom Gretzky did well in the 1987 Canada Cup) and several other star Canadians due to injury, the team lost to the Czech Republic in the semi-finals. There was some additional controversy when Gretzky was not selected by coach Marc Crawford for the decisive shootout. Team Canada then lost the bronze medal game 3–2 to Finland, but Gretzky was said to have encouraged all of his teammates to attend the closing ceremony afterwards.
The 1998–99 season was his last season. He reached one milestone in this last season, breaking the professional total (regular season and playoffs) goal-scoring record of 1,071, which had been held by Gordie Howe. Gretzky was having difficulty scoring this season and finished with only nine goals, but his last goal brought his scoring total for his combined NHL/WHA career to 1,072. As the season wound down, there was media speculation that Gretzky would retire, but he refused to announce his retirement. His last NHL game in Canada was on 1999-04-15, a 2–2 tie with the Ottawa Senators, the Rangers' second-to-last game of the season. Following the contest, instead of the usual three stars announcement, Gretzky was named the game's only star. (Gretzky was named all three stars). It was only after this game, after returning to New York that Gretzky announced his retirement, before the Rangers' last game of the season.
The final game of Gretzky's career was a 2–1 overtime loss to the Pittsburgh Penguins on April 18, 1999 in Madison Square Garden. The national anthems in that game were adjusted to accommodate Gretzky's departure. In place of "O Canada, we stand on guard for thee", Bryan Adams sang "We're going to miss you, Wayne Gretzky". "The Star-Spangled Banner", sung by John Amirante, was changed from "O'er the land of the free" to "O'er the land of Wayne Gretzky". He scored his final point in this game, assisting on the lone New York goal scored by Brian Leetch. At the time of his retirement, Gretzky was the second-to-last WHA player still active in professional hockey, Mark Messier being the last.
Gretzky's skills were developed on a backyard rink at his home, with extraordinary dedication and the encouragement and teachings of his father Walter. Walter Gretzky had played Junior B hockey, but was slowed by chicken pox and failed in a tryout for the Junior A Toronto Marlboros, ending his playing career. Walter cultivated a love of hockey in his sons and provided them with a backyard rink and drills to enhance their skills. On the backyard rink, nicknamed the "Wally Coliseum", winter was total hockey immersion with Walter as mentor-teacher as well as teammate. According to Brent Gretzky, "It was definitely pressed on us, but we loved the game. Without the direction of the father, I don't know where I'd be.
The rink itself was built so that Walter could keep an eye on his boys from the warmth of his kitchen, instead of watching them outdoors on a neighbourhood rink, as Wayne put in long hours on skates. Walter's drills were his own invention, but were ahead of their time in Canada. Wayne remarked that the Soviet National Team's practice drills, which impressed Canada in 1972, had nothing to offer him: "I'd been doing these drills since I was three. My dad was very smart."
Where Wayne differed was in the extraordinary commitment of time on the ice. In his autobiography, he wrote:
Wayne would prod next-door neighbour Brian Rizzetto to play goal after sundown to practice his backhand.
Wayne's excellence at hockey was matched in baseball and lacrosse, which he played during the summer. At age 10, after scoring 196 goals in his hockey league, he scored 158 goals in lacrosse. According to Wayne, lacrosse was where he learned to protect himself from hard body checking: "In those days you could be hit from behind in lacrosse, as well as cross-checked, so you had to learn how to roll body checks for self-protection. Wayne applied this skill to the NHL, avoiding checks to the point that it was claimed that there was an unwritten rule not to hit Gretzky. Gretzky insisted that the skill was necessary for self-defense as he only weighed 170 pounds.
Gretzky became known for setting up behind the net, an area that was nicknamed "Gretzky's office" because of his skills there. He could pass to teammates like Luc Robitaille and Jari Kurri, or jump out quickly for a wrap-around shot. Gretzky became accustomed to the position after watching and studying Bobby Clarke play in that zone. In honour of that, for his last game there were two large "99"s painted on the ice behind the goal. Hall of Fame defenceman Bobby Orr said of Gretzky, "He passes better than anybody I've ever seen. And he thinks so far ahead. Gretzky himself referred to it as having "... a feeling about where a teammate is going to be, a lot of times, I can turn and pass without looking."
In 2005, rumours began regarding Gretzky becoming the head coach of the team, but were nixed by Gretzky and the rest of the Coyotes' ownership. Despite previous denials, on August 8 2005, Gretzky agreed to become the new coach of the Coyotes. Gretzky made his coaching debut on October 5, 2005, the opening night of the 2005–06 NHL season, losing 3–2 to the Vancouver Canucks. His first coaching victory was October 8, 2005, beating the Minnesota Wild 2–1. Gretzky took an indefinite leave of absence as coach on December 17, 2005, to care for his ill mother in Brantford, Ontario. His mother lost her battle to lung cancer two days later, passing away on December 19, 2005. Assistant coach Rick Tocchet assumed the position until Gretzky's return on December 28.
In 2006, the Coyotes ownership partnership changed, with an agreement for Moyes to take over majority ownership of the team, and Ellman to take over the majority ownership of the Glendale Arena and Westgate development. A period of uncertainty ensued about Gretzky's role until Coyotes' new CEO Jeff Shumway announced on May 31, 2006 that Gretzky had agreed to a new five-year contract to remain as head coach. He remains a minority owner and managing partner. Although the Coyotes still have a general manager (first Barnett, then Don Maloney), Gretzky has the final say in hockey matters.
Gretzky again acted as Executive Director of Canada's men's hockey team at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy, though not with the success of 2002; the team was eliminated in the quarterfinals and failed to win a medal. He was asked to manage Canada's team at the 2005 Ice Hockey World Championships, but declined due to his mother's poor health.
Wayne and Janet were married on July 17, 1988. "The Royal Wedding" was broadcast live throughout Canada from Edmonton's St. Joseph's Basilica, although neither Gretzky nor Jones are Roman Catholic. Members of the Fire Department acted as guards at the church steps. The event reportedly cost Gretzky over US$1 million. Gretzky obtained American citizenship after the wedding, and has since resided in the United States. Eddie Mio was best man, and Alan Thicke was master of ceremonies. As wedding presents, Thicke gave them the cushions to the seats they sat in when they first went for dinner together. Wayne gave Janet a Rolls-Royce Corniche automobile.
Janet and Wayne have five children: Paulina, (born December 19 1988), Ty Robert (born July 9, 1990), Trevor Douglas (born September 14, 1992), Tristan Wayne (born August 2 2000), and Emma Marie (born March 28, 2003). Ty now plays for Shattuck-Saint Mary's Midget AA hockey team, the same school that produced Sidney Crosby.
Gretzky has owned or partnered in the ownership of two sports teams before becoming a partner in the Phoenix Coyotes. In 1985, Gretzky bought the Hull Olympiques of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League for $175,000 CA. During his ownership, the team's colors were changed to silver and black, presaging the change in team jersey colors when he played for the Los Angeles Kings. For the first season that Gretzky played in Los Angeles, the Kings had their training camp at the Olympiques' arena. Gretzky eventually sold the team in 1992 for $550,000 CA.
In 1991, Gretzky purchased the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League with Bruce McNall and John Candy. The club won the Grey Cup championship in the first year of the partnership but struggled in the two following seasons, and the partnership sold the team before the 1994 season. Only McNall's name was engraved on the Grey Cup as team owner, but in November 2007, the CFL corrected the oversight, adding Gretzky's and Candy's names. In 1992, Gretzky and McNall partnered in an investment to buy a rare Honus Wagner T206 cigarette card for $500,000 US, later selling the card. It most recently sold for $2.8 million US.
As of May 2008, Gretzky's current business ventures include the "Wayne Gretzky's" restaurant in Toronto near the football stadium in downtown Toronto, opened in partnership with John Bitove in 1993. Gretzky is also a partner in First Team Sports, a maker of sports equipment and Worldwide Roller Hockey, Inc., an operator of roller hockey rinks. He has endorsed and launched a wide variety of products, from pillow cases to insurance. Forbes estimates that Gretzky earned US$93.8 million from 1990–98.
Source: Players: Wayne Gretzky. NHL. Retrieved on 2008-05-05..
GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty Minutes; +/– = Plus/Minus; PP = Powerplay Goals; SH = Shorthanded Goals; GW = Game-Winning Goals
| Regular season | Playoffs | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Season | Team | League | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM | +/– | PP | SH | GW | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM | ||
| 1975–76 | Toronto Nationals | MetJHL | 28 | 27 | 33 | 60 | 7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 1976–77 | Seneca Nationals | MetJHL | 32 | 36 | 36 | 72 | 35 | — | — | — | — | 23 | 40 | 35 | 75 | — | ||
| 1976–77 | Peterborough Petes | OHL | 3 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 1977–78 | Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds | OHL | 64 | 70 | 112 | 182 | 14 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 1978–79 | Indianapolis Racers | WHA | 8 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 1978–79 | Edmonton Oilers | WHA | 72 | 43 | 61 | 104 | 19 | — | — | — | — | 13 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 2 | ||
| 1979–80 | Edmonton Oilers | NHL | 79 | 51 | 86 | 137 | 21 | +15 | 13 | 1 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0 | ||
| 1980–81 | Edmonton Oilers | NHL | 80 | 55 | 109 | 164 | 28 | +41 | 15 | 4 | 3 | 9 | 7 | 14 | 21 | 4 | ||
| 1981–82 | Edmonton Oilers | NHL | 80 | 92 | 120 | 212 | 26 | +81 | 18 | 6 | 12 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 12 | 8 | ||
| 1982–83 | Edmonton Oilers | NHL | 80 | 71 | 125 | 196 | 59 | +60 | 18 | 6 | 9 | 16 | 12 | 26 | 38 | 4 | ||
| 1983–84 | Edmonton Oilers | NHL | 74 | 87 | 118 | 205 | 39 | +76 | 20 | 12 | 11 | 19 | 13 | 22 | 35 | 12 | ||
| 1984–85 | Edmonton Oilers | NHL | 80 | 73 | 135 | 208 | 52 | +98 | 8 | 11 | 7 | 18 | 17 | 30 | 47 | 4 | ||
| 1985–86 | Edmonton Oilers | NHL | 80 | 52 | 163 | 215 | 46 | +71 | 11 | 3 | 6 | 10 | 8 | 11 | 19 | 2 | ||
| 1986–87 | Edmonton Oilers | NHL | 79 | 62 | 121 | 183 | 28 | +70 | 13 | 7 | 4 | 21 | 5 | 29 | 34 | 6 | ||
| 1987–88 | Edmonton Oilers | NHL | 64 | 40 | 109 | 149 | 24 | +39 | 9 | 5 | 3 | 19 | 12 | 31 | 43 | 16 | ||
| 1988–89 | Los Angeles Kings | NHL | 78 | 54 | 114 | 168 | 26 | +15 | 11 | 5 | 5 | 11 | 5 | 17 | 22 | 0 | ||
| 1989–90 | Los Angeles Kings | NHL | 73 | 40 | 102 | 142 | 42 | +8 | 10 | 4 | 4 | 7 | 3 | 7 | 10 | 0 | ||
| 1990–91 | Los Angeles Kings | NHL | 78 | 41 | 122 | 163 | 16 | +30 | 8 | 0 | 5 | 12 | 4 | 11 | 15 | 2 | ||
| 1991–92 | Los Angeles Kings | NHL | 74 | 31 | 90 | 121 | 34 | -12 | 12 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 2 | ||
| 1992–93 | Los Angeles Kings | NHL | 45 | 16 | 49 | 65 | 6 | +6 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 24 | 15 | 25 | 40 | 4 | ||
| 1993–94 | Los Angeles Kings | NHL | 81 | 38 | 92 | 130 | 20 | -25 | 14 | 4 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 1994–95 | Los Angeles Kings | NHL | 48 | 11 | 37 | 48 | 6 | -20 | 3 | 0 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 1995–96 | Los Angeles Kings | NHL | 62 | 15 | 66 | 81 | 32 | -7 | 5 | 0 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 1995–96 | St. Louis Blues | NHL | 18 | 8 | 13 | 21 | 2 | -6 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 13 | 2 | 14 | 16 | 0 | ||
| 1996–97 | New York Rangers | NHL | 82 | 25 | 72 | 97 | 28 | +12 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 15 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 2 | ||
| 1997–98 | New York Rangers | NHL | 82 | 23 | 67 | 90 | 28 | -11 | 6 | 0 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 1998–99 | New York Rangers | NHL | 70 | 9 | 53 | 62 | 14 | -23 | 3 | 0 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| NHL career totals (20 seasons) | 1,487 | 894 | 1,963 | 2,857 | 577 | +518 | 204 | 73 | 91 | 208 | 122 | 260 | 382 | 66 | ||||
| Year | Event | Team | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM | Medal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1978 | World Junior Championships | Canada | 6 | 8 | 9 | 17 | 2 | Bronze |
| 1981 | Canada Cup | Canada | 7 | 5 | 7 | 12 | 2 | Silver |
| 1982 | World Championships | Canada | 10 | 6 | 8 | 14 | 0 | Bronze |
| 1984 | Canada Cup | Canada | 8 | 5 | 7 | 12 | 2 | Gold |
| 1987 | Rendez-vous '87 | NHL All-Stars | 2 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 0 | N/A |
| 1987 | Canada Cup | Canada | 9 | 3 | 18 | 21 | 2 | Gold |
| 1991 | Canada Cup | Canada | 7 | 4 | 8 | 12 | 2 | Gold |
| 1996 | World Cup | Canada | 8 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 2 | Silver |
| 1998 | Winter Olympics | Canada | 6 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 2 | none |
| International totals | 63 | 34 | 69 | 103 | 14 | |||
As of May 2008, Gretzky is active as the head coach of the Phoenix Coyotes.
| Team | Year | Regular Season | Post Season | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G | W | L | OTL | Pts | Finish | Result | ||
| PHX | 2005–06 | 82 | 38 | 39 | 5 | 81 | 5th in Pacific | Missed playoffs |
| PHX | 2006–07 | 82 | 31 | 46 | 5 | 67 | 5th in Pacific | Missed playoffs |
| PHX | 2007–08 | 82 | 38 | 37 | 7 | 83 | 4th in Pacific | Missed playoffs |
| Total | 246 | 107 | 122 | 17 | Points %: 46.95 % | |||
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