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Wikipedia

According to the Indian caste system, Vanika (Sanskrit) or Bania (Hindi) is a trader or merchant belonging to the business class. Baniyas of Rajasthan are called Marwaris.

Trading communities in India include:

Jaiswals of Uttar Pradesh
Choudharys of Bihar
Agarwals of Rajasthan, Haryana, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh and Punjab
Oswals of Rajasthan, Punjab & Gujarat
Guptas (subset of Agarwal community) of Rajasthan, Punjab, U.P., Haryana and Delhi
Maheshwari of Rajasthan
Jains of North India (Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh) and Gujarat.
Shaws,sahu's and Keshris of Eastern UP and Bihar/Jharkhand.
Varshneys (Barahseni) of Braj
Rauniyars of Nepal ,UP, Bihar & West Bengal
Barnwals of UP, Bihar & West Bengal
Rastogis of UP
Chettis from Tamil Nadu
Gahoi of UP/MP
Suvarna-vanika of West Bengal [gold dealer]
Gandha-vanika of West Bengal [spices and perfume dealer]
Sankha-vanika of West Bengal [dealer of ornaments made from sea-shell]
Kangsha_vanika of West Bengal [dealer of utensils made of brass]
Arya Vysyas of Andhra
Patwa from Rajasthan and UP
Pancham of Maharashtra, Karnataka
Parwars of Madhya Pradesh
Vaishnav of Gujarat
Vani/Vaishya of Goa
Rauniars of Nepal ,UP, Bihar & West Bengal
Rastogi of UP

They are sometimes referred to as Vaishya.

The banyan group of fig trees was named after this group as early foreign travelers noted that banias could often be found in the shade of these trees.

See also