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Toqui
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Toqui (from the Mapudungun toki "axe, axe-bearer") is a title conferred by the Mapuche (an indigenous Chilean people) to those who are chosen as their leader during times of war. The toqui is chosen in an assembly or parliament (coyag), of the chiefs (loncos) of the various clans (Rehues) or confederation of clans (Aillarehues), allied during the war in question. The Toqui could command strict obedience of all the warriors and their loncos during the war, organize them in units and appoint leaders over them. This command would continue until toqui was killed, deposed in another parliament (as in the case of Lincoyan, for poor leadership), or upon completion of the war for which he was chosen.
Some of the more famous Toqui in the Arauco War with the Spanish introduced tactical innovations; for instance, Lautaro introduced infantry tactics to defeat horsemen.
The following chiefs were at some time named as toquis:
- Ainavillo 1550 †
- Lincoyan 1551-1553
- Caupolicán 1553-1558 †
- Lautaro Vice Toqui 1554-1557 †
- Caupolicán the younger 1558 †
- Illangulién (Antiguenu) 1559-1564 †
- Antunecul Vice Toqui 1563
- Paillataru 1564-1574
- Paineñamcu (Paynenancu) (Alonzo Diaz) 1574-1584 †
- Cayancaru 1585-1586
- Nongoniel 1586 †
- Cadeguala 1587 †
- Guanoalca 1587-1591
- Quintuguenu 1591 †
- Paillaeco 1591 †
- Paillamachu (Paillaeco) 1591-1603
- Pelantaro Vice Toqui
- Millacolquin Vice Toqui
- Huenecura 1604-1610
- Aillavilu 1610
- Ancanamon 1610-1613
- Loncothegua 1613-1618
- Lientur 1618-1625
- Levipillan Vice Toqui
- Butapichón 1625-1631
- Quepuantú 1631-1632 †
- Butapichón 1632-1634 †
- Huenucalquin 1634-1635 †
- Curanteo 1635 †
- Curimilla 1635-1639 †
- Lincopinchon 1640-1641
- Clentaru 1655
- Mestizo Alejo 1656-1661 †
- Misqui 1661-1663 †
- Colicheuque 1663 †
- Udalevi 1663-1665 †
- Ayllicuriche 1672-1673 †
- Millalpal (Millapán) 1692-1694
- Vilumilla 1722-1726
- Curiñancu 1766-1774
† Killed in battle.
Sources
- Anson Uriel Hancock, A History of Chile, Chicago, C. H. Sergel and Company, 1893
- Juan Ignatius Molina, The Geographical, Natural, and Civil History of Chili, Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, London, 1809
- José Ignacio Víctor Eyzaguirre, Historia eclesiastica: Politica y literaria de Chile, IMPRENTA DEL COMERCIO, VALPARAISO, June 1830 List of Toquis, pg. 162-163, 498-500.
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Last updated on Thursday July 24, 2008 at 08:02:19 PDT (GMT -0700)
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Last updated on Thursday July 24, 2008 at 08:02:19 PDT (GMT -0700)
View this article at Wikipedia.org - Edit this article at Wikipedia.org - Donate to the Wikimedia Foundation
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