Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) or thiamine diphosphate (ThDP) is a thiamine derivative which is cleaved by thiamine pyrophosphatase. Thiamine phyrophosphate is the active form of thiamine (vitamin B1).

ThDP is a prosthetic group in many enzymes, such as:

• Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
• Pyruvate decarboxylase complex in ethanol fermentation
• Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
• Branched-chain amino acid dehydrogenase complex
• 2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA lyase
• Transketolase

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