The novel is unusual in that it deals with the practical considerations of vampirism, such as the difficulty in obtaining victims and concealing frequent murders. The Hunger also suggests a science-fiction explanation for vampirism, stating that vampires are a distinct species that happens to bear a physical resemblance to humans. They are not truly immortal, but do not age after reaching physical maturity and are extremely strong and difficult to kill. Miriam discovers that some vampire traits, such as prolonged youth, can be transmitted to humans by performing a blood transfusion.

A film adaptation of The Hunger, directed by Tony Scott and starring Susan Sarandon, Catherine Deneuve, and David Bowie, was released in 1983.