The village name is Anglo Saxon in origin, and means 'Tæppa's hill'; the Anglo-Saxon burial mound of Taeppa can still be visited. It was recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Thapeslau.
William Grenfell, 1st Baron Desborough lived at Taplow Court.
Nearby is Cliveden, former home of Nancy Astor.
| Taplow compared | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2001 UK Census | Taplow ward | South Bucks borough | England |
| Population | 1,584 | 61,945 | 49,138,831 |
| Foreign born | 14.9% | 12.2% | 9.2% |
| White | 96.1% | 93.4% | 90.9% |
| Asian | 2.3% | 4.5% | 4.6% |
| Black | 0.0% | 0.4% | 2.3% |
| Christian | 73.4% | 75.6% | 71.7% |
| Muslim | 0.4% | 1.1% | 3.1% |
| Hindu | 0.8% | 1.2% | 1.1% |
| No religion | 17.1% | 12.5% | 14.6% |
| Unemployed | 1.3% | 1.9% | 3.3% |
| Retired | 12.7% | 14.8% | 13.5% |
The economic activity of residents aged 16–74 was 46.8% in full-time employment, 8.7% in part-time employment, 16.7% self-employed, 1.3% unemployed, 0.9% students with jobs, 2.5% students without jobs, 12.7% retired, 6.2% looking after home or family, 1.7% permanently sick or disabled and 2.7% economically inactive for other reasons. The industry of employment of residents was 12.3% retail, 11.8% manufacturing, 4.5% construction, 24.6% real estate, 7.8% health and social work, 5.7% education, 9.1% transport and communications, 2.7% public administration, 6.7% hotels and restaurants, 2.7% finance, 3% agriculture and 9.1% other. Compared with national figures, the ward had a relatively high proportion of workers in agriculture and real estate. According to Office for National Statistics estimates, during the period of April 2001 to March 2002 the average gross weekly income of households was £840, compared with an average of £660 in South East England. Of the ward's residents aged 16–74, 37.2% had a higher education qualification or the equivalent, compared with 19.9% nationwide.