The
synoptic scale in
meteorology (also known as
large scale or
cyclonic scale) is a horizontal length scale of the order of 1000 kilometres (about 620 miles) or more . This corresponds to a horizontal scale typical of mid-latitude
depressions. Most high and low
pressure areas seen on weather maps are synoptic-scale systems. The word
synoptic is derived from the Greek word
sunoptikos meaning
seen together.
The Navier-Stokes equations applied to atmospheric motion can be simplified by scale analysis in the synoptic scale. It can be shown that main terms in horizontal equations are Coriolis force and pressure gradient terms; therefore, one can use geostrophic approximation. In vertical coordinates the momentum equation simplifies to the hydrostatic equilibrium equation.
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