The Roman road known as Ermin Street passes through the parish and is responsible for giving the parish its name, as the Latin "strata" means Street or paved road.
The parish church, located in a part of the parish named Lower Stratton, is built upon the site of a Norman church. The present building dates back to the 13th century. It was heavily modified in the late 1840s.
The parish was once the centre of a rural community but has since been enveloped by the expansion of Swindon.
In February 2007, the Parish Council increased the parish precept by 4.6% making it the highest precept charge in the Borough.