Springs, city (1991 pop. 157,702), Gauteng, NE South Africa. It is an industrial center of the Witwatersrand, a gold- and uranium-mining region. Manufacturing has replaced mining in economic importance and includes processed metals, chemicals, paper, and foodstuffs. Springs began to develop after the start (1885) of coal mining nearby.

Resort city (pop., 2000: 42,807), southern California, U.S. It is located in the Coachella Valley. Originally known as Agua Caliente for its hot springs, it was a stagecoach stop by 1872. In 1884 John G. McCallum established the Palm Valley Colony there. Incorporated as a city in 1938, it developed into a glamorous desert resort and residential area, frequented by celebrities, including Hollywood stars. Nearby is Joshua Tree National Park.

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City (pop., 2000: 360,890), central Colorado, U.S. Standing on a mesa near the eastern base of Pikes Peak, it was founded in 1871 as Fountain Colony and later renamed for nearby mineral springs. Growth followed the Cripple Creek gold strikes in the 1890s. Military installations gave further impetus to development: it is home to the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) and the U.S. Space Command, headquartered at Peterson Air Force Base (established 1942); Fort Carson (1942); and the U.S. Air Force Academy (1958). The Garden of the Gods, a natural park with red sandstone monoliths, is one of many scenic attractions.

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Town (pop., 2006: 23,893), Northern Territory, Australia. It lies between Darwin and Adelaide, virtually in the centre of the continent. It originated in the 1870s as a station on the Overland Telegraph Line. Because of its location, it has become a major shipping point. Its mild winter climate makes it a popular tourist destination.

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Springs is a hamlet (and census-designated place) in Suffolk County, New York on the South Shore of Long Island. As of the United States 2000 Census, the hamlet population was 4,950. Springs, along with the rest of East Hampton, boasts some of the world's most valuable residential real estate.

Springs is in the Town of East Hampton.

Geography

Springs is located at (41.025238, -72.158499).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the hamlet has a total area of 9.2 square miles (23.9 km²), of which, 8.5 square miles (21.9 km²) of it is land and 0.8 square miles (2.0 km²) of it (8.24%) is water.

History

Springs is known in art circles as the cradle of the abstract expressionist movement. Artists such as Jackson Pollock, Willem de Kooning, John Ferren, and Randy Rosenthal worked there. Many important writers live or have lived in or near Springs including Kurt Vonnegut, Joseph Heller, Philip Roth, Nora Ephron, and John Steinbeck.

Artists and writers were attracted to Springs because of its rural nature, despite being within 100 miles of New York City, and because housing prices "north of the Montauk Highway" on the bay side of the East Hampton peninsula have traditionally been lower than those closer to the Atlantic Ocean.

This has created a blue collar neighborhood of people who support the mansions closer to the ocean. Locals are referred to as "Bonackers" which comes from Accabonac Harbor in Springs. East Hampton High School has adopted the Bonacker name for its sports teams.

The main roads connecting Springs to East Hampton are Springs-Fireplace Road, and Three Mile Harbor Road. Jackson Pollock died in a car crash on Springs-Fireplace Road in 1956.

Pollock and his wife Lee Krasner are buried in Green River Cemetery. Pollock's grave is marked by a large glacial erratic stone on top of a hill, Krasner's by a small stone lower on the hill. Since Pollock's burial numerous other writers and artists have been buried in the cemetery joining the locals.

The Pollock-Krasner House and Studio on Springs-Fireplace Road is owned by State University of New York at Stony Brook and is open for tours by appointment. It includes an external studio shed where dried paint from Pollock's projects is splattered on the floor and evokes Pollock's most famous works. The neighborhood around it is an East Hampton historic district.

Fireplace Road gets its name from fireplaces at its terminus that were used to signal the residents of Gardiners Island that supplies were ready to be picked up.

Springs derives its name from a spring that fed a small creek going into the harbor.

Landmarks

• Green River Cemetery
• Pollock-Krasner House and Studio
• Ashawagh Hall
• Charles Parsons Blacksmith Building
• Springs General Store
• Pussy's Pond Park
• Barnes's Country Store
• Merrill Lake Sanctuary, owned by The Nature Conservancy
• Springs School

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 4,950 people, 1,924 households, and 1,252 families residing in the hamlet, although the actual population may be closer to 10,000. The population density was 584.8 per square mile (225.9/km²). There were 3,878 housing units at an average density of 458.2/sq mi (177.0/km²). The racial makeup of the hamlet was 89.82% White, 1.47% African American, 0.20% Native American, 1.45% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 3.86% from other races, and 3.17% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 16.24% of the population.

There were 1,924 households out of which 29.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.2% were married couples living together, 8.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.9% were non-families. 26.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 3.08.

In the hamlet the population was spread out with 22.3% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 31.0% from 25 to 44, 26.9% from 45 to 64, and 13.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 102.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.8 males.

The median income for a household in the hamlet was $57,038, and the median income for a family was $66,607. Males had a median income of $42,500 versus $32,107 for females. The per capita income for the hamlet was $29,910. About 6.7% of families and 8.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.9% of those under age 18 and 4.7% of those age 65 or over.

References

External links

• Official Pollock-Krasner house site