Soyuz-TM crew transports (T - транспортный - Transportnyi - meaning transport, M - модифицированный - Modifitsirovannyi - meaning modified) was a fourth generation (1986-2003) Soyuz spacecraft used for ferry flights to the Mir and ISS space stations. It added to the Soyuz-T new docking and rendezvous, radio communications, emergency and integrated parachute/landing engine systems. The new Kurs rendezvous and docking system permitted the Soyuz-TM to maneuver independently of the station, without the station making "mirror image" maneuvers to match unwanted translations introduced by earlier models' aft-mounted attitude control.

External links

• Russia New Russian spaceship will be able to fly to Moon - space corp
• RSC Energia: Concept Of Russian Manned Space Navigation Development
• Mir Hardware Heritage
• David S.F. Portree, Mir Hardware Heritage, NASA RP-1357, 1995
• Mir Hardware Heritage
• Information on Soyuz spacecraft
• OMWorld's ASTP Docking Trainer Page
• NASA - Russian Soyuz TMA Spacecraft Details
• Space Adventures circum-lunar mission - details