San_Jose_International_Airport

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San Jose International Airport

Norman Y. Mineta San José International Airport is a city-owned public-use airport serving the city of San José in Santa Clara County, California, United States. It is located two nautical miles (4 km) northwest of Downtown San Jose, near the intersections of three major freeways, U.S. Route 101, Interstate 880, and State Route 87.

Overview

Despite San Jose's position as the most populous city in the San Francisco Bay Area, SJC is the smallest of the three Bay Area airports offering scheduled service (10.9 million passengers annual in 2006), with less than one third the passengers of the region's major international airport San Francisco International Airport (SFO), and fewer passengers than Oakland International Airport (OAK). Like the Oakland airport, it attracts Bay Area residents who find SFO to be inconveniently distant from their homes.

SJC is situated as a "downtown airport". Its relatively convenient location for residents and visitors near downtown San Jose has also led to some drawbacks. It became surrounded by the city and had little room for expansion. The proximity to downtown has also led to restrictions on heights of buildings in downtown San Jose by safety margins set in FAA regulations.

History

The beginnings and expansion

In 1939, Ernie Renzel, a wholesale grocer and future mayor of San Jose, led a group negotiated an option to purchase of of the Stockton Ranch from the Crocker family, to be the site of San Jose's airport. Renzel led the effort to pass a bond measure to pay for the land in 1940. In 1945, test pilot James Nissen leased about 16 acres of this land to build a runway, hangar, and office building for a flight school. When the city of San Jose decided to develop a municipal airport, Nissen sold his share of the aviation business and became San Jose's first airport manager. Both Renzel and Nissen were instrumental in the development of San Jose Municipal Airport over the next few decades, culminating with the opening of what is now Terminal C in 1965.

In the early 1980s San Jose International Airport was one of the first U.S airports to participate in the noise regulation program enacted by the U.S. Congress for delineation of airport noise contours and developing a pilot study of residential sound insulation. This program succeeded in its objective of demonstrating that residences in the airport vicinity could be retrofitted in a cost-effective manner to reduce interior sound levels from aircraft noise substantially.

American Airlines opened a hub at San Jose in 1988, using slots it obtained in the buyout of Air California in 1986. Reno Air, a startup based in Reno, Nevada, took over many of American's gates until it was bought out by American in 1998. American never re-established its hub; however, it is still the airport's second busiest scheduled airline after Southwest Airlines.

In 1990, San Jose International Airport greatly expanded with the opening of Terminal A. Plans at the time called for a Terminal B to be eventually built between Terminals A and C.

In November 2001, the airport was renamed after Norman Yoshio Mineta, who is a native of San Jose, its former mayor and congressman, former United States Secretary of Commerce and former United States Secretary of Transportation. In December 2003, the airfield was named after former mayor Ernie Renzel.

Contraction

After the dot-com bubble burst, the city lost several flights because of a decrease in demand. Air Canada discontinued its flights to Toronto and Ottawa, Canada, and American Airlines stopped its nonstop flights to Taipei, Taiwan; Vancouver, Canada; and Paris, France. American also dropped its focus city service to Miami, St. Louis, Seattle, Portland, Denver, and Phoenix; the airline's flights to Southern California were downgraded to American Eagle regional flights.

Dramatic reduction at SJC continued throughout 2004. Alaska Airlines halted its San Jose - Puerto Vallarta and Cabo San Lucas seasonal routes and American Airlines discontinued its San Jose - San Luis Obispo and San Jose - Boston Logan links. In October, 2006, American Airlines discontinued the San Jose-Tokyo-Narita route, which was San Jose's last remaining link with an international overseas destination.

In April 2004, the city government, in its plan to revive the local economy, called for a restored international flight to Taipei and new international routes from San Jose to the United Kingdom, Hong Kong, China, Vietnam via Taiwan, and India.

SJC suffered with many mid-tier airports during the 2008 rise in oil prices as airlines reduced marginal services to improve profitability. SJC lost much of its transcontinental U.S. service in the fall with Continental ending Newark flights, Jetblue ceasing Boston service, and United ending longtime service to its Chicago-O'Hare hub and Washington-Dulles.

Expansion plan

In August 2004, the city broke ground on North Concourse, the first phase in a three-phase, nine-year expansion plan. The master plan, designed by Gensler and The Steinberg Group, called for a single consolidated terminal that contains 40 gates (eight more than present), an international concourse, and expanded security areas. The terminal would be named after James Nissen. The sail-shaped facade would greet up to 17.6 million passengers a year. A people mover system would link the new terminal with VTA light rail and the planned BART station adjacent to the current Santa Clara Caltrain station. Cargo facilities would be moved to the east side of the airport. A long term parking garage would be constructed at the current location of the rental car operations. A new short term parking structure would also be constructed at the site of current Terminal C short term parking lot.

On November 16, 2005, a scaled-back airport improvement plan was approved and announced. The new two-phase plan called for a North Concourse, which is expected to be completed in 2010, and a simplified Terminal B, rather than the initially proposed James Nissen Central Terminal, to replace the aging Terminal C. In addition, Terminal A will be expanded for additional check-in counters, security checkpoints, and drop-off/pick-up curbside space. The new plan is projected to cost $1.3 billion, less than half of the original plan's cost of $3 billion.

Facilities and aircraft

Norman Y. Mineta San Jose International Airport covers an area of 1,050 acres (425 ha) at an elevation of 62 feet (19 m) above mean sea level. It has three runways: 12L/30R and 12R/30L each have a 11,000 x 150 ft. (3,353 x 46 m) concrete surface and 11/29 has a 4,599 x 100 ft. (1,402 x 30 m) asphalt surface.

For the 12-month period ending December 31, 2006, the airport had 213,107 aircraft operations, an average of 583 per day: 59% scheduled commercial, 14% air taxi, 27% general aviation and <1% military. At that time there were 176 aircraft based at this airport: 50% single-engine, 6% multi-engine, 38% jet, and 6% helicopter.

Terminals, airlines and destinations

There are two terminals at the airport. Terminal C, the original terminal, was built in 1965 and Terminal A was built in 1990. Both terminals are relatively small in comparison to the number of people that flow through them, which can result in crowds and long lines during peak traveling times. Under the current airport expansion plan, Terminal A will be expanded, and Terminal C will be torn down and replaced by a new Terminal B. Currently, the north end of Terminal C has already been demolished by crews.

Terminal A

Terminal A has 18 gates: A1A-A1B, A2-A15, A16-A16A

American Airlines (Austin, Chicago-O'Hare, Dallas/Fort Worth, Orange County)

American Eagle (Los Angeles, Orange County, San Diego)

Hawaiian Airlines (Honolulu)
Mexicana (Guadalajara, León [seasonal], Morelia)
Southwest Airlines (Burbank, Chicago-Midway, Denver, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Ontario (CA), Orange County, Phoenix, Portland (OR), Reno/Tahoe, San Diego, Seattle/Tacoma)

Terminal B / North Concourse

Under construction; the North Concourse is scheduled to be completed in 2008 and Terminal B in 2010.

The new Terminal B was designed by Fentress Architects Construction management is being provided by Hensel Phelps Construction Co.

Terminal C

This terminal was built in 1965. Instead of using jetways (elevated tunnels that connect planes to the terminal), Terminal C mostly uses airstairs, but most airlines, including Alaska Airlines and SkyWest Airlines, use new turboway ramps. Terminal C will be torn down and replaced by a new Terminal B in 2010. In preparation for construction of Terminal B, the north end of Terminal C, previously home to gates C14-C16 and home to Alaska Airlines, Horizon Air, and Frontier Airlines, was closed for demolition in December 2007. The remaining portion of the terminal was reconfigured, including the addition of a new, larger consolidated security checkpoint. In February, the north end of Terminal C was torn down to start the new construction of Terminal B.

Terminal C has 14 gates: C1-C14

Alaska Airlines (Portland (OR), Seattle/Tacoma)

Horizon Air (Boise, Palm Springs [seasonal], Sacramento)

Continental Airlines (Houston-Intercontinental)
Delta Air Lines (Atlanta, Salt Lake City)

Delta Connection operated by SkyWest Airlines (Salt Lake City)

Frontier Airlines (Denver)
JetBlue Airways (Long Beach, New York-JFK)
Northwest Airlines (Minneapolis/St. Paul)
United Airlines (Chicago-O'Hare [ends November 2], Denver)

United Express operated by SkyWest Airlines (Los Angeles, Santa Barbara)

US Airways (Las Vegas, Phoenix)

US Airways Express operated by Mesa Airlines (Phoenix)

Cargo

ABX Air
BAX Global (formerly Burlington Air Express)
Emery Worldwide
FedEx Express
UPS Airlines

General aviation

Private and corporate aircraft are based on the opposite side of the runway from Terminals A and C, on Coleman Avenue.

ACM Aviation
Atlantic Aviation (formerly San Jose Jet Center)
AvBase Inc

Ground transportation

The airport's web site lists ground transportation options at SJC including taxis, limousines, rental cars, shuttles and public transportation, which are located on or accessible from the airport.