It is noted for caning its most famous alumnus politician, British Prime Minister Sir John Major in its former grammar school period.
The school is named after William Rutlish, embroiderer to Charles II. Rutlish was a resident of the parish of Merton and is buried in the churchyard of the parish church of St. Mary. Rutlish died in 1687 and left a bequest of £400 (about £ today) for the education of poor children of the parish.
By the 1890s the charity had accumulated a considerable excess of funds and John Innes, local landowner and chairman of the board of trustees, used some of the excess to establish a school.
The first school building, established as a grammar school, was located in what is now Rutlish Road off Kingston Road. After World War II the school was overflowing its building (and the recently-built science block had been destroyed as a result of enemy action) so in the early 1950s a new school was built on the present site south of Watery Lane on land that had belonged to John Innes and which had been occupied until 1945 by the John Innes Horticultural Institution (now the John Innes Centre in Norwich).
The 1950s school buildings are arranged around three sides of a quadrangle. To the north are a four storey main entrance block (which contained the school library on the top floor) and a three storey central block of general purpose classrooms facing Watery Lane. To the west is a two storey science block and to the east a two storey block containing the canteen on the ground floor and the school hall on the first floor. Attached to the rear of the east block is the school gym.
Among the existing school buildings is one which has ties to Innes. The Manor House adjacent to the school entrance on Watery Lane was Innes's home (a blue plaque records his association). Now demolished school buildings next to the playing field were once the library and offices of the Institution and had ranges of greenhouses attached. In the early 1960s these old buildings were used by the second and third year classes (classes 2A, 2B, 2C, 3A, 3B and 3c) and the long greenhouse was used as a lunchtime canteen. Later, in the 1980s, they were art and music rooms. A little known feature of the old building was a warren of hidden crawlspace passages, accessible from the second floor music room, form where clandestine spying operations on other classes could be undertaken. A number of additional buildings have been constructed over the years to supplement the facilities of the 1950s buildings.
Following the education reforms of the late 1960s, the school became a comprehensive although it retained many of its grammar school traditions long after the conversion - school houses (named after ancient warrior nations or groups), uniforms with house and school colours, a Combined Cadet Force, and prefects. For many years the school maintained a croquet lawn for the use of the headmaster and the prefects. The school also operated an exchange programme with Eton College for a number of years.
In the 1970s the education system in Merton was altered to use a three tier structure (primary, middle and high school) in place of the former two tier structure and Rutlish lost the first three of its years. The school still retained the old year names; however, so that pupils starting at the school began as "fourth" years. The following years were named "remove", "fifth", "transitus" and "sixth" (actually a pupil's fifth year at the school if he remained that long).
Unusually, Rutlish pupils did not, as a matter of course, wear the school badge on their uniforms, instead house membership was identified by a multi-coloured "house braid" which was affixed to the top edges of blazer pockets. In the transitus or sixth form it was common for pupils to be awarded "house colours" as an indication of achievement (often sporting). "School colours" were additionally awarded to those who had shown outstanding achievement. Recipients of house or school colours were entitled to wear the school badge on their blazers. School colours took precedence over house colours and the two were not worn together. Some houses, but not all, also had house ties which could be worn as an alternative to the school tie and, for a while, a school scarf was also available.
Throughout the school year, various inter-house competitions were held, often of a sporting nature, at which pupils competed individually or in teams as representatives of their houses. Towards the end of the school year, the winning house would be announced.
The club fields a large number of football, rugby and cricket teams and has a ground and clubhouse in Poplar Road, Merton Park.