Retroflex lateral approximant

Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - Cite This Source

The retroflex lateral approximant is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ɭ, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is l`.

Features

Features of the retroflex lateral approximant:

Its manner of articulation is approximant, which means it is produced by bringing one articulator close to another but without the vocal tract being narrowed to such an extent that a turbulent airstream is produced.
Its place of articulation is retroflex, which prototypically means it is articulated with the tip of the tongue curled up, but more generally means that it is postalveolar without being palatalized.
Its phonation type is voiced, which means the vocal cords are vibrating during the articulation.
It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
It is a lateral consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the sides of the tongue, rather than the middle of the tongue.
The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.

In the following transcriptions, diacritics may be used to distinguish between apical [ɭ̺] and laminal [ɭ̻].

Language	Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Enindhilyagwa	marluwiya		'emu'
Iwaidja	example needed	--	--
Kannada	example needed		--
Malayalam	മലയാളം	[ˈmäləˌjaːɭəm]	'Malayalam'
Marathi	कुळ	[kuɭa]	'clan'	represented with a <ळ>
Norwegian	farlig	[fɑːɭi]	'dangerous'	Eastern and central dialects. See Norwegian phonology
Punjabi	example needed	--	--
Swedish	sorl		'murmur' (noun)	See Swedish phonology
Tamil	?	[puɭi]	'tamarind'	represented by a <ள்>. See Tamil phonology
Telugu	example needed		--
Toda			--
Yanyuwa			--