First Battle of Bull Run

The first battle of Bull Run (or first battle of Manassas) was the first major engagement of the Civil War. On July 16, 1861, the Union army under Gen. Irvin McDowell began to move on the Confederate force under Gen. P. G. T. Beauregard at Manassas Junction, Va. Gen. Robert Patterson's force at nearby Martinsburg was to prevent the Confederate army under Gen. Joseph E. Johnston at Winchester from uniting with Beauregard but failed, and by July 20 part of Johnston's army had reached Manassas. On July 21, McDowell, turning Beauregard's left, attacked the Confederates near the stone bridge over Bull Run and drove them back to the Henry House Hill. There Confederate resistance, with Gen. Thomas J. Jackson standing like a "stone wall," checked the Union advance, and the arrival of Gen. E. Kirby Smith's brigade turned the tide against the Union forces. The unseasoned Union volunteers retreated, fleeing along roads jammed by panicked civilians who had turned out in their Sunday finery to watch the battle. The retreat became a rout as the soldiers made for the defenses of Washington, but the equally inexperienced Confederates were in no condition to make an effective pursuit. The South rejoiced at the result, while the North was spurred to greater efforts to win the war.

Second Battle of Bull Run

The second battle of Bull Run (or second battle of Manassas) was also a victory for the Confederates. In July, 1862, the Union Army of Virginia under Gen. John Pope threatened the town of Gordonsville, a railroad junction between Richmond and the Shenandoah valley. Gen. Robert E. Lee sent Stonewall Jackson to protect the town, and on Aug. 9, 1862, Jackson defeated Nathaniel Banks's corps, the vanguard of Pope's army, in the battle of Cedar Mt. (or Cedar Run). When Gen. George McClellan's army was gradually withdrawn from Harrison's Landing on the James River (where it had remained after the Seven Days battles) to reinforce Pope, Lee concentrated his whole army at Gordonsville. He planned to strike before Pope could be reinforced. Pope withdrew to the north side of the Rappahannock River. Lee followed to the south side and on Aug. 25 boldly divided his army. By Aug. 28, Jackson had marched to the Union right and rear, destroyed Union communications and supplies, and stationed his troops just west of the first Bull Run battlefield, where he awaited the arrival of James Longstreet with the rest of Lee's army. Pope was attacking Jackson when Longstreet came up on Aug. 29. The attack was repulsed, but Pope, mistaking a re-formation of Jackson's lines for a retreat, renewed it the next day. After the Union troops were again driven back, Lee ordered Longstreet to counterattack. Longstreet, supported by Jackson, swept Pope from the field. The Union forces retreated across Bull Run, badly defeated. Lee's pursuit ended at Chantilly, where the Union forces stopped Jackson on Sept. 1, 1862. Pope then withdrew to Washington.

Computers

• Execution (computers), meaning to begin operation of a computer program
• Run command, a command used to execute a program in Microsoft Windows
• RUN (magazine), a computer magazine of the 1980s
• A sequence of something repeated, in computer coding
• Measurement run, an automated sequence of measurements, in experimental science

Sport

• Running, moving swiftly on foot for exercise, sport, fun or necessity
• Run (American football), an offensive action in American football
• Run (baseball), the unit of scoring in baseball
• Run (cricket), the unit of scoring in cricket
• Softball#Scoring runs, the unit of scoring in softball
• Piste, a marked trail down a mountain for winter sports
• A sailing term meaning to sail downwind
• To run in a competition

Film, television and literature

• Run (1991 film) - US film
• Run (2002 film) - Tamil film
• Run (2004 film) - Indian film
• Run!, an episode of the NBC television series Heroes
• A 2003 novel by Eric Walters
• The third novel in the Fearless series by Francine Pascal
• Run (2008 film)
• Run, Buddy, Run 1966 CBS sitcom starring Jack Sheldon

Music

Songs and albums

• "Run" (Rock band) A nationally touring rock band based in Los Angeles, California. 2005 "The Itis (album); 2007 "The Bitter End" (album)
• "Run" (Amy Macdonald song)
• "Run" (Cog song)
• Run (Collective Soul song) a song by Collective Soul on their album Dosage
• "Run" (George Strait song)
• "Run" (Gnarls Barkley song)
• "Run" (Shihad song) a song by Shihad, under the name Pacifier, on their album Pacifier
• "Run" (Snow Patrol song)
• Run (album), a studio album by B'z
• An album and song by Nine Mile
• A song by Air, on their album Talkie Walkie
• A song by Disturbed, will be a b-side on their album Indestructible
• A song by Ghostface Killah on his album The Pretty Toney Album
• A song by the Naked Brothers Band on their self-titled album
• A song by New Order on their album Technique
• A song by Rex Goudie on his album Under the Lights
• A song by Supergrass from their album Life on Other Planets
• A song by Tony Jay (as Shere Khan) in The Jungle Book Groove Party

Other

• Joseph Simmons, a member of hip-hop group Run D.M.C., also known as "Run" or "Rev Run"(a play on his religious title)
• Melisma, also known as runs or vocal runs

Other meanings

• RUN, the ICAO code for ACT Airlines
• Run (cards), a combination of playing cards where cards have consecutive rank values
• Run (island), one of the smallest Banda Islands
• Spring run, the outflow of a spring of water, also called a spring branch
• Run - a small stream or part thereof, especially a smoothly flowing part of a stream.
• Run a book by Ann Patchett
• Bank run, a mass withdrawal by many people of money from a bank
• Diarrhea, also called "getting the runs"
• Campaigning for public office in an election
• Run, term for volume of an item printed at a particular time.

See also

• Run Run Run