Of particular importance, quantum lithography can beat the classical Rayleigh criterion for the diffraction limit. Classical photolithography has an optical imaging resolution that cannot be smaller than the wavelength of light used. For example, in the use of photolithography to mass produce computer chips, it is desirable to produce smaller and smaller features on the chip, which classically requires moving to smaller and smaller wavelengths (ultraviolet and x-ray), which entails exponentially greater cost to produce the optical imaging systems at these extremely short optical wavelengths.

Quantum lithography exploits the quantum entanglement between specially prepared photons in the NOON state to achieve the smaller resolution without the requirement of shorter wavelengths. For example, a beam of red photons, entangled ten at a time in the NOON state, would have the same resolving power as a beam of x-ray photons.

The field of quantum lithography is in its infancy, and although experimental proofs of principal have been carried out using the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect, it is still a long way from commercial application.

References

External links

• American Institute of Physics
• Introduction to Quantum Lithography
• New York Times
• Science News