Jung proposed that there were four main functions of consciousness: Two of them being perceiving functions:
And two being judging functions:
The functions are modified by two main attitude types: extraversion and introversion.
Jung theorized that whichever function dominates consciousness its opposite function is repressed and will characterize unconscious behavior.
The eight psychological types are categorized as follows:
- Extraverted Sensation
- Introverted Sensation
- Extraverted Intuition
- Introverted Intuition
- Extraverted Thinking
- Introverted Thinking
- Extraverted Feeling
- Introverted Feeling
See also
Many theories of personality have been developed from ancient to modern times. Here are some articles about them:- Myers Briggs Type Indicator
- Kiersey Temperament Sorter
- Personality psychology
- Personality
- Personality type
- Personality tests
- Eysenck's three factor model
- Big Five personality traits
- Enneagram of Personality
- Trait theory
- 16 Personality Factors
- Four Temperaments
- Five Temperaments
- Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation
References
External links
- Kaleidoscope Forum Jungian Discussion Forum.
- Personality Theories An e-book for university courses
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
Last updated on Thursday September 11, 2008 at 03:57:26 PDT (GMT -0700)
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Usage
One well known example of personality types is Type A theory. According to this theory, impatient, hostile people are classified as Type A, whereas calm, laid back individuals are designated as Type B. The theory originally suggested that Type A individuals were more at risk for heart attacks, but this claim has not been supported by empirical research.Developmental psychologist, Jerome Kagan is a prominent, contemporary advocate of type theory. He suggests that shy, withdrawn children are best viewed as having an inhibited temperament, which is qualitatively different from other children.
As a matter of convenience, trait theorists sometimes use the term "type" to describe someone who scores exceptionally high or low on a particular personality trait. Hans Eysenck refers to superordinate personality factors as types, and more specific associated traits as traits.
Several pop psychology theories (e.g. Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus, the enneagram) rely on the idea of distinctively different types of people.
Criticism
The term "type" has not been used consistently in psychology and has become the source of some confusion. Furthermore, because personality test scores usually fall on a bell curve rather than in distinct categories, personality type theories have received considerable criticism among psychometric researchers. One study that directly compared a "type" instrument (the MBTI) to a "trait" instrument (the NEO PI) found that the trait measure showed a stronger relation with a number of personality disorders.Major theories
- DISC assessment
- Enneagram of Personality
- Four Temperaments
- Humorism
- Keirsey Temperament Theory
- Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
- Socionics
- Type A and Type B personality theory
See also
References
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
Last updated on Friday August 22, 2008 at 13:16:53 PDT (GMT -0700)
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