Breed of working dog developed in Apolda, Germany, by Louis Dobermann, a dog-pound keeper, in the late 19th century. This sleek, agile, powerful dog stands 24–28 in. (61–71 cm) high and weighs 60–88 lbs (27–40 kg). It has a short, smooth black, blue, fawn, or red coat, with rust markings on the head, throat, chest, tail base, and feet. Dobermans have a reputation for fearlessness, alertness, loyalty, and intelligence. They have been used in police and military work, as watchdogs, and as guide dogs for the blind.

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Pinscher is a type of dog developed originally for fighting or guarding, although today they are most often kept as pets.

Etymology

The American Heritage Dictionary describes pinscher as being a German word, but from the English word pinch, referring to the ear cropping that was traditionally done to this dog type. The Online Etymological Dictionary traces usage of the word pinscher to 1926. Another suggested derivation is from the French word pincer, to grip.

Breeds

The Fédération Cynologique Internationale recognizes the following pinscher breeds in Group 2 Pinscher and Schnauzer - Molossoid Breeds - Swiss Mountain and Cattle Dogs:

• Dobermann (no. 143)
• German Pinscher (Deutscher Pinscher, no. 184)
• Miniature Pinscher (Zwergpinscher, no. 185)
• Affenpinscher (no. 186)
• Austrian Pinscher (Österreichischer Pinscher, no. 64)

There may be other related hunting dogs called pinscher that are not recognized breeds. In addition, individual breeders often attempt the creation of new breeds which they may call pinschers. There are a nearly infinite number of sporting clubs, breed clubs, and internet-based breed registries and businesses in which dogs may be registered under whatever name the owner or seller wishes.

References