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2 City (1990 pop. 25,098), New Castle co., NW Del.; settled before 1700, inc. 1852. The third largest city in the state, it is the seat of the Univ. of Delaware. Metal products, electrical and transportation equipment, machinery, consumer goods, foods, plastics, construction materials, and textiles are produced. The only Revolutionary battle on Delaware soil was fought (Sept., 1777) at nearby Cooch's bridge.
3 City (1990 pop. 275,221), seat of Essex co., NE N.J., on the Passaic River and Newark Bay; settled 1666, inc. as a city 1836. It is a port of entry and the largest city in the state. Located only 8 mi (13 km) W of New York City, Newark is a transportation, industrial, commercial, and manufacturing center. Its leather industry dates from the 17th cent., and its still-significant jewelry manufactures and insurance businesses began in the early 19th cent. Among the city's many other products are beer, cutlery, electronic equipment, textiles, pharmaceuticals, fabricated metal items, and paints. Newark International Airport is one of the nation's busiest, and the important seaport is operated by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. The city has a large minority population; over 50% of its residents are African Americans and about 30% are Hispanic. Newark's educational institutions include a campus of Rutgers Univ., the New Jersey Institute of Technology, a campus of the Univ. of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, and a preparatory academy founded in 1774.
Landmarks include Trinity Cathedral (1810, with the spire of a church built in 1743); the Sacred Heart Cathedral (begun 1899, completed 1954); the First Presbyterian Church (1791); the Newark Public Library (founded 1888); the Newark Museum (1909); and the county courthouse (1906), with Gutzon Borglum's statue of Lincoln in front. Other points of interest include Borglum's large group Wars of America (1926) in Military Park (a Revolutionary War drilling ground and a Civil War tenting area) and many historic homes. Aaron Burr and Stephen Crane were born in Newark.
The city was settled (1666) by Puritans from Connecticut under Robert Treat. It was the scene of Revolutionary skirmishes. Industrial growth began after the American Revolution, aided by the development of transportation facilities. The Morris Canal was opened in 1832, and the railroads arrived in 1834 and 1835. A flourishing shipping business resulted, and Newark became the area's industrial center. In the late 19th cent. its industry was further developed, especially through the efforts of such men as Seth Boyden and J. W. Hyatt. Newark Port opened in 1915, and the city's shipbuilding played an important role in World War I.
During the latter half of the 20th cent., Newark's economy and living standards greatly declined. Many residents fled to the suburbs, which were marked by a boom in corporate development, shopping center growth, and housing construction. Poverty and unemployment plagued Newark, which in July, 1967, was the scene of a major race riot. Two bright spots have been the port, which since 1985 has had a steady increase in volume of exports of containerized cargo, and Newark International Airport, which has expanded greatly. As part of an effort to revitalize the downtown, the New Jersey Performing Arts Center opened in 1997.
See A. S. Rice, Newark: A Chronological & Documentary History (1977).
4 City (1990 pop. 44,389), seat of Licking co., central Ohio, on the Licking River, in a livestock area; inc. 1826. It is a farm trade and processing center, a transportation hub, and an industrial city. Manufactures include glass, aluminum products, automobile parts, and plastics. The city's Native American mounds attract many visitors. The Newark Earthworks State Memorials include three locations within the city's limits: the Great Circle; the Octagon Mound, with smaller mounds inside the octagon; and the Wright Earthworks. A museum of Native American art is there, as is a campus of the Ohio State Univ.
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Places
Canada
- Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario, once called Newark (population 13,839 at the 2001 census)
United Kingdom
- Newark-on-Trent, the oldest Newark (population 25,376 at the 2001 census)
- Newark Castle, Nottinghamshire
- Newark North Gate railway station
- Newark Castle railway station
- Newark (wapentake)
- Newark and Sherwood
- Newark Air Museum
- Newark, Peterborough in Cambridgeshire
- Port Glasgow, Scotland, called Newark until 1667 (population 16,617 at the 2001 census)
United States
Newark, New Jersey
- Newark, New Jersey, the most populated city in New Jersey (population 273,546 at the 2000 census)
- Newark Bay, connecting to New York HarborTransportation
- Newark Liberty International Airport
- Newark Penn Station, a railroad/subway/bus transportation hub
- AirTrain Newark
- Newark-Elizabeth Rail Link
- Newark Light Rail
- Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine TerminalOrganizations
- Newark Museum
- Newark Public Library
- Newark Public Schools
- Roman Catholic Archdiocese of NewarkSports
- Newark Bears
- Newark Express
- Newark Tornadoes
Other Newarks in the U.S.
- Newark, Arkansas (population 1,219)
- Newark, California (population 42,471)
- Newark, Delaware (population 28,547)
- Newark, Illinois (population 887)
- Newark, Indiana
- Newark, Maryland (population 339)
- Newark, Missouri (population 100)
- Newark, New York (population 9,682)
- Newark Valley (town), New York (population 4,097)
- Newark Valley (village), New York (population 1,071)
- Newark, Ohio (population 46,279)
- Newark, Texas (population 887)
- Newark, Vermont (population 470)
- Newark, West Virginia (untracked by the Census Bureau)
- Newark, Wisconsin (population 1,571)
Other
- Newark Corporation, Chicago-based electronic components distribution company
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Last updated on Friday July 25, 2008 at 22:37:00 PDT (GMT -0700)
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