muntjac

muntjac: see deer.

or barking deer

Any of about seven species of solitary, nocturnal deer, native to Asia and introduced into England and France, that constitute the genus Muntiacus (family Cervidae). Named for their cry, most species stand 15–25 in. (40–65 cm) high, weigh 33–77 lbs (15–35 kg), and are grayish, reddish, or brown. Males have tusklike upper canine teeth and short one-branched antlers. Bony ridges extend from the antler base onto the face. The giant muntjac (88–110 lbs, or 40–50 kg) was discovered in northern Vietnam in 1993–94. Fea's muntjac (M. feae), of Myanmar and Thailand, is endangered, and other muntjac species are threatened.

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Muntjac are deer of the genus Muntiacus, also known as Barking Deer. Muntjac are the oldest known deer, appearing 15-35 million years ago, with remains found in Miocene deposits in France and Germany.

The present-day species are native to Southeast Asia and can be found from India and Sri Lanka to southern China, Taiwan, Japan (Boso Peninsula and Oshima Island), and Indonesian islands. Reeves's Muntjac has been introduced to England and is now common in some areas there. Inhabiting tropical regions, the deer have no seasonal rut and mating can take place at any time of year. However, this behaviour is retained by populations introduced to temperate countries. Males have short antlers, which can regrow but they tend to fight for territory with their tusks (downward pointing canine teeth).

Muntjac are of great interest in evolutionary studies because of their dramatic chromosome variations and the recent discovery of several new species. The indian muntiac is the mammal with the lowest recorded chromosome number with the male having a diploid number of 7, the female of only 6 chromosomes. Reeve's muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi) in comparison has a diploid number of 46 chromosomes.

Ten species:

• Indian Muntjac or Common Muntjac, Muntiacus muntjak
• Reeves's Muntjac or Chinese Muntjac, Muntiacus reevesi
• Hairy-fronted Muntjac or Black Muntjac, Muntiacus crinifrons
• Fea's Muntjac, Muntiacus feae
• Bornean Yellow Muntjac, Muntiacus atherodes
• Roosevelt's Muntjac, Muntiacus rooseveltorum
• Gongshan Muntjac, Muntiacus gongshanensis
• Giant Muntjac, Muntiacus vuquangensis
• Truong Son Muntjac Muntiacus truongsonensis
• Leaf Muntjac Muntiacus putaoensis

References

• The Ecology of the Reeves Muntjac