Mendelssohn is the surname of a number of people:

• Abraham Mendelssohn Bartholdy (1776-1835), German Jewish banker, son of Moses, father of Fanny and Felix
• Fanny Mendelssohn (1805–1847), composer and pianist, daughter of Abraham, granddaughter of Moses, sister of Felix
• Felix Mendelssohn (1809–1847), composer, son of Abraham, grandson of Moses, brother of Fanny
• Heinrich Mendelssohn (1881–1959), German building tycoon
• Kurt Mendelssohn (1906-1980), German-born British medical physicist
• Moses Mendelssohn (1729–1786), philosopher, father of Abraham, grandfather of Felix and Fanny

There are also a number of people with the variation Mendelsohn:

• Ben Mendelsohn (born 1969), Australian actor and musician
• Carol Mendelsohn (born 1951), American TV writer
• Daniel Mendelsohn (born 1960), American author and classics scholar
• Erich Mendelsohn (1887-1953), Prussian architect
• Matthew Mendelsohn (birthdate unknown), Canadian university professor and public policy consultant
• Nathan Mendelsohn (1917-2006), Canadian mathematician
• Robert O. Mendelsohn (born 1952), American economist
• Robert S. Mendelsohn (1926-1988), American physician and critic of mainstream medicine