Shulman's collegiate character "Dobie Gillis" was the subject of a series of short stories compiled under the title The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis, which became the basis for the 1953 movie The Affairs of Dobie Gillis, followed by a CBS television series, The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis. Shulman also wrote the series' theme song. The same year the series began, Shulman published a Dobie Gillis novel, I Was a Teenage Dwarf (1959). After his success with Dobie Gillis, Shulman syndicated a humor column, "On Campus," to over 350 collegiate newspapers at one point.
A later novel, Anyone Got a Match?, satirized both the television and tobacco industries, as well as the South and college football. His last major project was House Calls, which began as a 1978 movie based on one of his stories, and starred Walter Matthau and Glenda Jackson; it spun-off the 1979-1981 television series of the same name, starring Wayne Rogers and Lynn Redgrave in the leads. Shulman was the head writer.
Also a screenwriter, Shulman was one of the collaborators on a non-fiction television program, Light's Diamond Jubilee, timed to the 75th anniversary of the invention of the light bulb.