List of rulers of Tuscany

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The rulers of Tuscany have varied over time, sometimes being margraves, the rulers of handfuls of border counties and sometimes the heads of the most important family of the region.

Margraves of Tuscany, 812-1197

Bonifacii

These were originally counts of Lucca who extended their power over the neighbouring counties.

812-813 Boniface I
828-834 Boniface II
835-845 Aganus (not of the dynasty)
847-886 Adalbert I
886-915 Adalbert II the Rich
915-929 Guy
929-931 Lambert

House of Arles

These were the (mostly illegitimate) relatives of Hugh of Arles, King of Italy, whom he appointed to their post after removing the original dynasty.

931-936 Boso
936-961 Humbert
961-1001 Hugh the Great

Various

1004-1011 Boniface (III)
1014-1027 Rainier

House of Canossa

These were the descendants of the Counts of Canossa.

1027-1052 Boniface III (also IV)
1052-1055 Frederick
1052-1076 Beatrice as wife of Boniface III and regent for Frederick and Matilda

1054-1069 Godfrey I as husband of Beatrice
1069-1076 Godfrey II as husband of Matilda

1076-1115 Matilda

1089-1095 Welf as husband of Matilda

Various

1120-1127 Conrad von Scheiern
1135-1137 Engelbert
1137-1139 Henry
1139-1152 Ulrich von Attems
1152-1167 Welf VI (continued to rule until 1173)

1160-1163 Rainald of Dassel in opposition
1163-1173 Christian of Buch as imperial vicar

1195-1197 Philip

Unofficial Medici Rulers of Florence, 1434-1531

Cosimo de' Medici 1434-1464
Piero I de' Medici 1464-1469 ("The Gouty")
Lorenzo I de' Medici 1469-1492 ("The Magnificent")
Giuliano de' Medici 1469-1478
Piero II de' Medici 1492-1494
Republic restored 1494-1512
Cardinal Giovanni de' Medici 1512-1513
Lorenzo II de' Medici 1513-1519
Cardinal Giulio de' Medici 1519-1523
Ippolito de' Medici 1523-1527
Alessandro de' Medici 1523-1527
Republic restored 1527-1530
Alessandro de' Medici 1530-1531

Medici Dukes of Florence, 1531-1569

Alessandro de' Medici 1531-1537
Cosimo I de' Medici 1537-1569

Medici Grand Dukes of Tuscany, 1569-1737

Habsburg-Lorraine Grand Dukes of Tuscany, 1737-1801

Francis Stephen 1737-1765
Peter Leopold I 1765-1790
Ferdinand III 1790-1801

Bourbon Kings of Etruria, 1801-1807

Louis I 1801-1803
Louis II 1803-1807

Tuscany was annexed by France, 1807-1814. Napoleon's sister Elisa Bonaparte was given the honorary title of Grand Duchess of Tuscany, but did not actually rule over the region.

Habsburg-Lorraine Grand Dukes of Tuscany, 1814-1860

Ferdinand III (restored) 1814-1824
Leopold II 1824-1849
provisional republic 1849
Leopold II (restored) 1849-1859
Ferdinand IV 1859-1860 (in exile for his entire notional reign)

Tuscany annexed by Piedmont-Sardinia, 1860

titular Habsburg-Lorraine claimants, 1860-Present

Ferdinand IV 1860-1908
Joseph Ferdinand 1908-1942
Peter Ferdinand 1942-1948
Gottfried 1948-1984
Leopold Franz 1984-1993
Sigismund 1993-Present