ISO 639 macrolanguage

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ISO 639-3 is an international standard for language codes. In defining some of its language codes, some are defined as macrolanguages covering either significantly different dialects or a net of very closely related languages. There are 56 languages in ISO 639-2 which are considered to be “macrolanguages” in 639-3

Some of these macrolanguages had no individual language as defined by 639-3 in ISO 639-2, e.g. 'ara'. Others like 'nor' had their two individual parts (nno,nob) already in 639-2. That means some languages (e.g. 'arb') that were considered by ISO 639-2 to be dialects of one language ('ara') are now in ISO 639-3 in certain contexts considered to be individual languages themselves. This is an attempt to deal with varieties that may be linguistically distinct from each other, but are treated by their speakers as forms of the same language, e.g. in cases of diglossia. For example,

Generic Arabic, 639-2
Standard Arabic, 639-3

List of macrolanguages

aaa—ezz

aka

is the ISO 639-3 language code for Akan. Its ISO 639-1 code is ak. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

— Fanti
— Twi

ara

is the ISO 639-3 language code for Arabic language. Its ISO 639-1 code is ar. There are 30 individual language codes assigned.

aym

is the ISO 639-3 language code for Aymara. Its ISO 639-1 code is ay. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

— Central Aymara
— Southern Aymara

aze

is the ISO 639-3 language code for Azerbaijani. Its ISO 639-1 code is az. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

— North Azerbaijani
— South Azerbaijani

bal

is the ISO 639-3 language code for Baluchi. There are 3 individual language codes assigned:

bik

is the ISO 639-3 language code for Bikol. There are 5 individual language codes assigned:

bua

is the ISO 639-3 language code for Buriat. There are 3 individual language codes assigned:

chm

is the ISO 639-3 language code for Mari, a language located in Russia. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

— Eastern Mari
— Western Mari

cre

is the ISO 639-3 language code for Cree. Its ISO 639-1 code is cr. There are 6 individual language codes assigned:

In addition, there are 6 closely associated individual codes.

— Naskapi (part of the Cree language group but not included under the cre macrolanguage designation)
— Montagnais (part of the Cree language group but not included under the cre macrolanguage designation)
— Atikamekw (part of the Cree language group but not included under the cre macrolanguage designation)
— Michif language (Cree-French mixed language with strong influences from Ojibwe language group and not included under the cre macrolanguage designation)
— Ojibwa, Severn (Ojibwa, Northern) (part of the Ojibwa language group with strong influences from the Cree language group and not included under the cre macrolanguage designation)
— Ojibwa, Western (part of the Ojibwa language group with strong influences from the Cree language group and not included under the cre macrolanguage designation)

In addition, there is 1 other language without individual codes closely associated, but not part of, this macrolanguage code.

Bungee language (mixed language of Cree, Ojibwa, French, English, Assiniboine and Scottish Gaelic)

del

is the ISO 639-3 language code for Delaware. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

— Munsee
— Unami

den

is the ISO 639-3 language code for Slave. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

— North Slavey
— South Slavey

din

is the ISO 639-3 language code for Dinka. There are 5 individual language codes assigned:

doi

is the ISO 639-3 language code for Dogri. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

— Dogri (individual language)
— Kangri

faa—jzz

fas

is the ISO 639-3 language code for Persian. Its ISO 639-1 code is fa. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

— Dari Persian
— Western Persian

ful

is the ISO 639-2 and ISO 639-3 language code for Fulah (also spelled Fula). Its ISO 639-1 code is ff. There are 9 individual language codes assigned for varieties of Fulah:

gba

is the ISO 639-3 language code for Gbaya located in the Central African Republic. There are 5 individual language codes assigned:

gon

is the ISO 639-3 language code for Gondi. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

— Northern Gondi
— Southern Gondi

grb

is the ISO 639-3 language code for Grebo. There are 5 individual language codes assigned:

grn

is the ISO 639-3 language code for Guarani. Its ISO 639-1 code is gn. There are 5 individual language codes assigned:

hai

is the ISO 639-3 language code for Haida. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

— Northern Haida
— Southern Haida

hbs

is the ISO 639-3 language code for Serbo-Croatian. Its ISO 639-1 code is sh. There are 3 individual language codes assigned:

— Bosnian
— Croatian
— Serbian

hmn

is the ISO 639-3 language code for Hmong. As of Feb. 2007, 24 individual language codes are included:

iku

is the ISO 639-3 language code for Inuktitut. Its ISO 639-1 code is iu. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

— Eastern Canadian Inuktitut
— Western Canadian Inuktitut

ipk

is the ISO 639-3 language code for Inupiaq. Its ISO 639-1 code is ik. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

— North Alaskan Inupiatun
— Northwest Alaska Inupiatun

jrb

is the ISO 639-3 language code for Judeo-Arabic. There are 5 individual language codes assigned:

kaa—ozz

kau

is the ISO 639-2 and ISO 639-3 language code for the Kanuri language. Its ISO 639-1 code is kr. There are 3 individual language codes assigned in ISO 639-3 for varieties of Kanuri:

There are 2 other related languages that are not considered part of the macrolanguage under ISO 639:

— Bilma Kanuri
— Kanembu

kok

is the ISO 639-3 language code for Konkani language. There are 2 individual language codes assigned.

— Goan Konkani
— Konkani language

kom

is the ISO 639-3 language code for Komi. Its ISO 639-1 code is kv. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

— Komi-Permyak
— Komi-Zyrian

kon

is the ISO 639-3 language code for Kongo. Its ISO 639-1 code is kg. There are 3 individual language codes assigned:

kpe

is the ISO 639-3 language code for Kpelle language. There are 2 individual language codes assigned.

— Guinea Kpelle
— Liberia Kpelle

kur

is the ISO 639-3 language code for Kurdish. Its ISO 639-1 code is ku. There are 3 individual language codes assigned:

lah

is the ISO 639-3 language code for Lahnda language. There are 8 individual language codes assigned.

man

is the ISO 639-3 language code for Mandingo language. There are 7 individual language codes assigned.

mlg

is the ISO 639-3 language code for Malagasy. Its ISO 639-1 code is mg. There are 10 individual language codes assigned:

mon

is the ISO 639-3 language code for Mongolian. Its ISO 639-1 code is mn. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

— Halh Mongolian
— Peripheral Mongolian

msa

is the ISO 639-3 language code for Malay. Its ISO 639-1 code is ms. There are 13 individual language codes assigned:

mwr

is the ISO 639-3 language code for Marwari language. There are 6 individual language codes assigned.

nor

is the ISO 639-3 language code for Norwegian. Its ISO 639-1 code is no. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

— Norwegian Bokmål
— Norwegian Nynorsk

oji

is the ISO 639-3 language code for the Anishinaabe languages, commonly called the Ojibwe language group. Its ISO 639-1 code is oj. There are 7 individual language codes assigned:

In addition, there are 3 closely associated individual codes.

— Algonquin language (part of the Ojibwe language group but not included under the oji macrolanguage designation)
— Potawatomi language (formerly part of the Ojibwe language group and not included under the oji macrolanguage designation)
— Michif language (Cree-French mixed language with strong influences from Ojibwe language group and not included under the oji macrolanguage designation)

In addition, there are 2 other languages without individual codes closely associated, but not part of, this macrolanguage code.

Broken Ojibwa (pidgin language used until the end of the 19th century)
Bungee language (mixed language of Cree, Ojibwa, French, English, Assiniboine and Scottish Gaelic)

orm

is the ISO 639-3 language code for Oromo language. Its ISO 639-1 code is om. There are 4 individual language codes assigned:

paa—zzz

pus

is the ISO 639-3 language code for Pushto language. Its ISO 639-1 code is ps. There are 3 individual language codes assigned.

que

is the ISO 639-3 language code for Quechua. Its ISO 639-1 code is qu. As of April 2007 there are 44 individual language codes assigned for Quechua varieties.

raj

is the ISO 639-3 language code for Rajasthani language. There are 6 individual language codes assigned.

— Bagri
— Gade Lohar
— Gujari
— Hadothi
— Malvi
— Wagdi

rom

is the ISO 639-3 language code for Romany language. There are 7 individual language codes assigned.

sqi

is the ISO 639-3 language code for Albanian. Its ISO 639-1 code is sq. As of June 2006 there are 4 individual language codes assigned for Albanian languages:

srd

is the ISO 639-3 language code for Sardinian language. Its ISO 639-1 code is sc. There are 4 individual language codes assigned.

swa

is the ISO 639-3 language code for Swahili. Its ISO 639-1 code is sw. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

— Congo Swahili
— Swahili

syr

is the ISO 639-3 language code for Syriac language. There are 2 individual language codes assigned.

— Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
— Chaldean Neo-Aramaic

tmh

is the ISO 639-3 language code for Tamashek language. There are 4 individual language codes assigned.

uzb

is the ISO 639-3 language code for Uzbek language. Its ISO 639-1 code is uz. There are 2 individual language codes assigned.

— Northern Uzbek
— Southern Uzbek

yid

is the ISO 639-3 language code for Yiddish language. Its ISO 639-1 code is yi. There are 2 individual language codes assigned.

— Eastern Yiddish
— Western Yiddish

zap

is the ISO 639-3 language code for Zapotec language. There are 57 individual language codes assigned.

zha

is the ISO 639-3 language code for Zhuang language. Its ISO 639-1 code is za. There are 16 individual language codes assigned.

zho

is the ISO 639-3 language code for Chinese. Its ISO 639-1 code is zh. There are 13 individual language codes assigned, some with their own dialects:

— Min Dong

(standardized form: Fuzhou dialect)

— Jin
— Mandarin

Hokkien

Amoy

Chaoshan

Qiongwen

— Wu
— Yue (Cantonese)

Although the Dungan language is considered most closely related to Mandarin, it is not listed under Chinese in ISO 639-3 due to separate historical and cultural development (see diasystem).

ISO 639 also lists codes for Old Chinese and Late Middle Chinese (). They are not listed under Chinese in ISO 639-3 because they are categorized as ancient and historical languages, respectively.

zza

is the ISO 639-3 language code for Zaza language. There are 2 individual language codes assigned.

— Dimli
— Kirmanjki

External links

Click here for a complete list of Macrolanguages.

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Last updated on Thursday March 13, 2008 at 15:24:06 PDT (GMT -0700)
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