He was a son of prince Hercule of Monaco and Aurelia Spinola.
He succeeded his grandfather Honoré II as Prince of Monaco in 1662.

Louis married March 30 1660 in Pau Catherine-Charlotte de Gramont (1639 – Paris June 4 1678), daughter of Marshal Antoine III de Gramont.

They had six children :

• Antoine (1661-1731), his successor.
• Maria Teresa Carlotta (14 June 1662 - 1738)
• Anna Hippolyte (1667-23 July 1700); married (1696) Jacques de Crussol (Paris, December 29 1675 – Uzès castle (July 19 1739), Duc d'Uzès.
• François Honoré (December 21 1669 – Paris 18 February 1748), Archbishop of Besançon
• Giovanna Maria
• Aurelia

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