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List_of_groups_referred_to_as_cults_in_government_documents

List_of_groups_referred_to_as_cults_in_government_documents

List of groups referred to as cults in government documents
This list includes groups that have been referred to as cults in government documents. Government reports have listed such groups in Austria, Belgium, Canada, France (in 1995), Germany, and the United States.

Groups appear listed alphabetically by country, with the date of their appearance in the respective government report noted in the section header.

Australia

Within Australia, the Parliament of New South Wales referred to Kenja Communication as a cult on November 24, 1992. Other names identifying thegroup include: Personal Evolvment Centre; Kenja Sydney; Melbourne Centre for Effective Communication; Kenja melbourne. Human Communication Centre; Kenja Canberra. Parramatta centre for Effective Communication; Kenja Parramatta.

Austria

Federal Ministry of the Environment, Youth and the Family (1996)

In 1996, the Federal Ministry of the Environment, Youth and the Family, in Austria published a list of 200 groups it considers to be sects. According to the United States Department of State's International Religious Freedom Report 2006, as released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor "the vast majority" of these sects comprise small organizations with fewer than 100 members. Larger groups include the Church of Scientology and the Unification Church.

The report states that other groups termed "sects" by the Austrian government include the Divine Light Mission, Eckankar, Hare Krishna, Holosophic community, Osho movement, Sahaja Yoga, Sai Baba, Sri Chinmoy, Transcendental Meditation, Landmark Education, Center for Experimental Society Formation, Fiat Lux, Universal Life, and The Family, but does not specify if these groups appear in the list compiled by the Austrian Federal Ministry. The United States Department of State had similar sections in its International Religious Freedom Report on Austria, in 1999, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005.

Belgium

Parliamentary Inquiry Commission (1997)

The Justice Commission of the Belgian House of Representatives set up a parliamentary inquiry commission to work out a policy against cults. On April 28, 1997, the parliamentary commission issued its 670-page report that contained a list of 189 movements, and also stated that "[t]he fact that a movement is listed here, even if at the instigation of an official instance, does not signify that the Commission regards it as a cult". The parliament failed to adopt the report as such and only voted to accept the conclusions and recommendations (19 pages), and not the list. Despite the lack of adoption of the list, the commission published the whole report, including the list. According to Human Rights Without Frontiers Int., a Brussels Appeals Court in 2005 condemned the Belgian House of Representatives on the grounds that it had damaged the image of an organization (the Universal Church of God's Kingdom) listed in the 1997 parliamentary inquiry commission on sects.

The Belgian list of groups (French-language naming, with numbering as in the original document):

  • 1. Aba Vangh
  • 2. Abrasax (Institut)
  • 3. Action Evangelique de Pentecote (AEP)
  • 4. Adventistes du 7e Jour
  • 5. Amish
  • 6. Ananda Marga
  • 7. Ange Albert (Glaube und Hoffnung)
  • 8. Anthroposophie (Societe Anthroposophique en Belgique)
  • 9. Antoinisme (culte antoiniste)
  • 10. Aoum
  • 11. Assemblee Viens et Vois
  • 12. Assemblees de Dieu
  • 13. Association Centre Saint Michel A.S.B.L.
  • 14. Association (du Saint Esprit) pour l'Unification du Christianism mondiale (Moon)
  • 15. Association Egoique
  • 16. Association Internationale pour la Conscience de Krishna (AICK ou ISKCON)
  • 17. Association Maitre Supreme Ching Hai
  • 18. Atlantide ou Ambassade de la Paix
  • 19. Au Coeur de la Communication (ACC)
  • 20. Auram
  • 21. Axe Holistique
  • 22. Baha'ie (La Foi Mondiale)
  • 23. Ban Thai Laos
  • 24. Bhagwan (ou mouvement Neo Samyas)
  • 25. Brahma Kumaris
  • 26. Broeder Gregorius
  • 27. Caillou (La communauté du) ou les «Jeudis du Caillou» ou «La Communauté de la Cité»
  • 28. Calvary Christian Center
  • 29. Capital Workship Center
  • 30. Celestian Church of Christ (Eglise céleste du Christ ou Eglise du Christianisme céleste)
  • 31. Centre Paradigme
  • 32. Centrum «De Reiziger»
  • 33. Chevaliers du Lotus d'Or (Mandarom) (Association du Vajra triomphant)
  • 34. Christian Church
  • 35. Church Universal and Triumphant
  • 36. Clier A.S.B.L.
  • 37. Compagnie Chevaleresque de Saint-Michel
  • 38. Contre-Reforme Catholique (ligue de)
  • 39. CORAEN (Centrum voor de Opsporing, Registratie en Analyse van Elfennesten) * Cor Unum (see Ordre du Divin Sacré Coeur)
  • 40. Coven Thot
  • 41. Cristal A.S.B.L.
  • 42. De Ark
  • 43. De Geestelijke Kracht
  • 44. De Groep (un psychologue)
  • 45. Deva-Light
  • 46. Dynarsis Institute
  • 47. EBS -- De Werter Loge
  • 48. ECK (Energo-chromo-kinèse) ou Energo8 internationale
  • 49. Ecole de Philosophie
  • 50. Ecoovie
  • 51. Eglise Catholique Apostolique Gallicane Traditionnelle
  • 52. Eglise de Jesus-Christ des Saints des Derniers Jours (Mormons)
  • 53. Eglise de la Pentecote Bethel
  • 54. Eglise de Scientologie
  • 55. Eglise du Christ de Bruxelles (dépendant de l'Eglise du Christ de Boston)
  • 56. Eglise Evangelique Libre
  • 57. Eglise Gnostique Lucifer Christ
  • 58. Eglise Internationale du Christ
  • 59. Eglise Jesus-Christ de Verite
  • 60. Eglise Neoapostolique
  • 61. Eglise Universelle de Dieu (Eglise Mondiale du Christ)
  • 62. Eglise Universelle du Royaume de Dieu
  • 63. Elegance Continentale

  • 64. Elewout Centrum
  • 65. Emin Foundation (originally "Church of Eminent Way"
  • 66. Energie Humaine et Universelle (HUE) Institut Européen de Recherche de l'Energie Humaine et Universelle IEREHU)
  • 67. Evangelische Christenen
  • 68. Eveil de la Conscience
  • 69. Ex Deo Nascimur
  • 70. Federation et Union Spirites Belges
  • 71. Fellowship Friends Renaissance
  • 72. Filiation Solazaref
  • 73. Fraternite Blanche Universelle (FBU)
  • 74. Friends Of Edo (FOF E)
  • 75. Gemeente van Christus
  • 76. God's River Ministries
  • 77. Groep ter Verering van de Wenende Madonna van Bohan
  • 78. Groupe de Recherche et de Fondation en Analyse Existentielle
  • 79. Het Gereformeerde Evangelisatie Centrum Essen
  • 80. Het Werk (L'Oeuvre)
  • 81. Het Zwarte Licht
  • 82. Horus
  • 83. Humana
  • 84. I Am
  • 85. Iatrosophie
  • 86. INDIP (Institut de développement et d'intégration de la personne) (centre primal)
  • 87. Insight Benelux (intermédiaire de Insight Educational Institute, en Californie)
  • 88. Institut Gnostique d'Anthropologie (IGA)
  • 89. Institut Gurdjieff
  • 90. Institut Yeuntenling A.S.B.L./Tibetaans Instituut V.Z.W. (Karma Sonam Gyamtso Ling)
  • 91. Ishtar
  • 92. IVI (Invitation à la vie intense)
  • 93. Jain Association
  • 94. Jiddu Krisna Murti
  • 95. Kapel van het Allerheiligste Sacrament
  • 96. Katalys A.S.B.L.
  • 97. Kreative Energie
  • 98. Kripalu Yoga
  • 99. La Famille ou Association des communautés missionnaires chrétiennes indépendantes
  • 100. La Licorne de Jade
  • 101. La Lunaire
  • 102. La Paideutique
  • 103. La Parole de Jesus
  • 104. La Ramonette
  • 105. La Voie de la Lumiere
  • 106. Landmark Education
  • 107. Le Hetre
  • 108. Le Mantra d'Hasom
  • 109. Le Patriarche
  • 110. Le Rassemblement Europeen Ouvriers du Christ
  • 111. Les Adorateurs du Nombril du Soleil
  • 112. Les Alchimistes
  • 113. Les Amis de l'Homme (à l'origine «L'Ange de l'Eternel»)
  • 114. Les Assemblees des Freres Darbystes
  • 115. Les Croix de la Nouvelle Babylone
  • 116. Les Matsya A.S.B.L.
  • 117. Loge Noire
  • 118. Longo-Mai
  • 119. Maitreya (BAHA)
  • 120. Meditation Transcendantale
  • 121. Messias Concern
  • 122. Miroir Solaire
  • 123. Mission d'Ares
  • 124. Mouvement du Graal
  • 125. Mouvement Humaniste (Le Mouvement)
  • 126. Mouvement Raelien Belge

  • 127. Nacio dos Muchachos
  • 128. Noire Eau
  • 129. Nouvelle Acropole
  • 130. Oasis of Nellie Uyldertstichting
  • 131. Ogyen Kunzang Chöling (OKC)
  • 132. Opstal
  • 133. Opus Dei
  • 134. Ordre de la Pleine Lune
  • 135. Ordre de la Rose-Croix
  • 136. Ordre des Chevaliers du Temple, du Christ et de Notre-Dame (OCTCND) ou Fraternité Johannite pour la résurgence templière
  • 137. Ordre du Divin Sacre Coeur (Cor Unum)
  • 138. Ordre du Temple Solaire
  • 139. Ordre Vert Druidique et de la Fraternite du Soleil Celtique
  • 140. OSMTH/OSMTJ (Ordre Souverain et Militaire du Temple de Jérusalem)
  • 141. Paramahansa Yogananda
  • 142. Payot Marie Blanche
  • 143. Pere Samuel
  • 144. Pluk De Dag (Centrum der Duizend Zonnen)
  • 145. Power
  • 146. Quadratoquintillia
  • 147. Religieus Genootschap der Vrienden Quakers
  • 148. Renouveau Charismatique
  • 149. Sahaja Yoga
  • 150. Satansekte
  • 151. Sathya Sai Baba
  • 152. Savoir pour Etre
  • 153. Selfrealisation Fellowship
  • 154. Servanta
  • 155. Shin Boedhisme (Jodo Shinso)
  • 156. Shri Ram Chandra Mission
  • 157. Siddha Shiva Yoga
  • 158. Sierra 21
  • 159. Sint Egidiusgemeenschap
  • 160. Soefi Beweging
  • 161. Soka Gakkai
  • 162. Ster van David (Huis Maria van Bethlehem)
  • 163. Stromen van Kracht
  • 164. Sûkyô Mahikari
  • 165. Summit Light House
  • 166. Sunnatarem Belgium Natural Dubdist Meditation Center
  • 167. Szatmar
  • 168. Tai Chi
  • 169. Tao Yoga
  • 170. Teblig
  • 171. Temoins de Jehovah
  • 172. Terre d'Enneille
  • 173. The Elijah Mohammed Foundation
  • 174. Theosofie V.Z.W. (Geüniëerde loge van Theosofen)
  • 175. Theravada
  • 176. Trans-Mutations
  • 177. Trois Saints Coeurs
  • 178. Vahali (I Am)
  • 179. Thérapeute Yvo Van Orshoven (A.S.B.L. Esse)
  • 180. Verbond van Vlaamse Pinkstergemeenten
  • 181. Vibration Coeur
  • 182. Vrij Evangelische Kerkgemeente
  • 183. Wat Asokaran
  • 184. World Federation For Spiritual Healing
  • 185. Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA)
  • 186. YSS
  • 187. Zen
  • 188. Zida Yoga
  • 189. Zwarte Madonna - Satanskerk

Canada

Canadian Security Intelligence Service (1999)

A Canadian Security Intelligence Service report of 1999 discussed "Doomsday Religious Movements espousing hostile beliefs and having the potential to be violent.." Groups classified as "Doomsday Religious Movements" included:

The report referred to Aum Shinrikyo at one point as the "Aum cult".

France

In 1995, a parliamentary commission of the National Assembly of France on cults produced its report (in French: compare an unofficial English translation). The report included a list of purported cults compiled by the general information division of the French National Police (Renseignements généraux — a French police service) in association with cult-watching groups.

In May 2005 the then Prime Minister of France, in a circulaire (which stressed that the government must exercise vigilance in continuing the fight against the cult-phenomenon), said that the list of movements attached to the Parliamentary Report of 1995 had become less pertinent, based on the observation that many small groups had formed: scattered, more mobile, and less-easily identifiable, and that the government needed to balance its fight against cults with respect for public freedoms and laïcité (secularism). The Prime Minister asked his civil servants to update a number of ministerial instructions issued by previous commissions, to apply criteria set in consultation with the Interministerial Commission for Monitoring and Combating Cultic Deviances (MIVILUDES), and to avoid falling back solely on lists of groups for the identification of cultic deviances.

Subsequent French parliamentary commissions on cults reported on specific aspects of cult activity in 1999 and in 2006.

French parliamentary commission report (1995)

Opinion in France varies as to the applicability of the 1995 Parliamentary report. A provincial court case noted that all such Parliamentary reports have no juridicial impact. And as stated above, a Prime Ministerial circulaire warned that name-changes had impacted on the usefulness of this particular Parliamentary report.

Germany

Berlin Senate report (1997)

An official report of a Senate Committee of the city and state of Berlin in Germany listed and discussed cults (Sekten), emphasizing with its sub-title their categorization as "entities espousing a world view and new religions". The 1997 Berlin Senate report — entitled Cults: Risks and Side-effects: Information on selected new religious and world-view espousing Movements and Psycho-offerings — subdivided "selected suppliers" (ausgewählte Anbieter) of its objects of interest as:

  • 7.1: Groups with a Christian background (Gruppen mit christlichem Hintergrund)

    • 7.1.1 Fiat Lux
    • 7.1.2 Parish on the Road Evangelical Free Church (registered association) (Gemeinde auf dem Weg Evangelische Freikirche e.V)
    • 7.1.3 Parish of Jesus Christ (registered association) Boston Church of Christ (Gemeinde Jesu Christi e.V. (Boston Church of Christ))
    • 7.1.4 Universal Life (Re-gathering of Jesus Christ) (Universelles Leben (Heimholungswerk Jesu Christi/HHW))
    • 7.1.5 Unification Church (Moon movement) (Vereinigungskirche (Mun-Bewegung))
  • 7.2 Groups with a pagan background (Gruppen mit heidnischem Hintergrund)

    • 7.2.1 Teutonic Belief Association (registered association) (Germanische Glaubengemeinschaft e.V. (GGG))
    • 7.2.2 Pagan Association (registered association) (Heidnische Gemeinschaft e.V. (HG))
  • 7.3 Groups with a Hinduistic background (Gruppen mit hinduistischem Hintergrund)

  • 7.4 Suppliers of Life-Help (Anbieter von Lebenshilfe)

    • commercial: (kommerziell:)
    • 7.4.1 The Circle of Friends of Bruno Gröning (Bruno Gröning-Freundeskreise)
    • 7.4.2 Context Seminar Company Limited (Kontext Seminar GmbH)
    • 7.4.3 Landmark Education (LE) (Landmark Education (LE))
    • 7.4.4 Art Reade
    • 7.4.5 Scientology
    • 7.4.6 The Natale Institute (TNI)
    • non-commercial: (nicht kommerziell:)
    • 7.4.7 Union for the Enhancement of the psychological Knowledge of Mankind (Verein zur Förderung der psychologischen Menschenkenntnis (VPM))
  • 7.5 Occultism/Satanism (Okkultismus/Satanismus)
  • 7.6 So-called Multi-level Marketers (Sogenannte Strukturvertriebe)

The current (2002) Senate report (published as risiken_und_nebenwirkungen2.pdf), which bears the title-page Alles Sekte -- oder was?, does not contain such a list: its structure and title differ thoroughly from the 1997 report. The list appeared in the Senate report of 1997, which bore the title-page: Sekten: Risiken und Nebenwirkungen.

United States

Committee on Government Reform (August 1999)

Suspect Organizations and Individuals Possessing Long-Range Fifty Caliber Sniper Weapons A report to the United States House of Representatives, Section VI is entitled "Montana Doomsday Religious Cult - "Church Universal and Triumphant".

Project Megiddo (October 1999)

Project Megiddo was an FBI report, released on October 20, 1999. The report warned against: "the potential for extremist criminal activity in the United States by individuals or domestic groups who attach special significance to the year 2000." Its analysis focused on apocalyptic religious groups, doomsday cults and (New World Order) conspiracy theories.

The report stated that certain groups it called "biblically-driven cults" were potentially violent. The report then went on to warn that "less time spent on “Bible study” and more time spent on “physical training” - indicate that the cult may be preparing for some type of action." Groups singled out and analyzed in the report under the heading "Apocalyptic Cults" included the Branch Davidians and the Concerned Christians.

Assessing the Threat (December 1999)

On December 15, 1999 the Advisory Panel to Assess Domestic Response Capabilities for Terrorism Involving Weapons of Mass Destruction presented a report called Assessing the Threat to the President of the United States and to the United States Congress. The report discusses the 1984 contamination of salad bars in Oregon by the Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh group, and the Aum Shinrikyo Sarin gas attack on the Tokyo subway of 1995. Both groups are referred to as cults in the report.

The Advisory Panel was created through an Act of the United States Congress, Public Law 105-261 (H.R. 3616, 105th Congress, 2nd Section, October 17, 1998), and was directed to submit three annual reports to the President and the Congress, beginning in December 1999. The Act of Congress establishing the Advisory Panel is titled Section 1405 of the National Defense Authorization Act for 1999. The Advisory Panel was also referred to as the Gilmore Commission, after its chair former Governor of Virginia James S. Gilmore III.

See also

References

Further reading

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