List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives
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- ''For early special elections see List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives (1st to 26th Congresses; 1789-1841)
This is an incomplete list of special elections to the United States House of Representatives. Such elections are called by state governors to fill the vacancies that occur when a member of the House of Representatives dies or resigns before the biennial general election. Winners of these elections serve the remainder of the term and are usually candidates in the next general election for their districts.
The general elections are held in November of even numbered years. New Congresses convened on March 4 of the following year until 1934. Since 1934 new Congresses have convened on January 3 of the following year.
Summary
In a few instances more than one seat was filled in a single special election, but each seat is counted separately in the list below.
| Congress
| Start
| End
| Special
elections
| Overall
total |
| 1st
| March 4, 1789
| March 3, 1791
| 2
| 2 |
| 2nd
| March 4, 1791
| March 3, 1793
| 6
| 8 |
| 3rd
| March 4, 1793
| March 3, 1795
| 8
| 16 |
| 4th
| March 4, 1795
| March 3, 1797
| 12
| 28 |
| 5th
| March 4, 1797
| March 3, 1799
| 15
| 43 |
| 6th
| March 4, 1799
| March 3, 1801
| 11
| 54 |
| 7th
| March 4, 1801
| March 3, 1803
| 18
| 72 |
| 8th
| March 4, 1803
| March 3, 1805
| 11
| 83 |
| 9th
| March 4, 1805
| March 3, 1807
| 16
| 99 |
| 10th
| March 4, 1807
| March 3, 1809
| 11
| 110 |
| 11th
| March 4, 1809
| March 3, 1811
| 12
| 122 |
| 12th
| March 4, 1811
| March 3, 1813
| 7
| 129 |
| 13th
| March 4, 1813
| March 3, 1815
| 21
| 150 |
| 14th
| March 4, 1815
| March 3, 1817
| 23
| 173 |
| 15th
| March 4, 1817
| March 3, 1819
| 17
| 190 |
| 16th
| March 4, 1819
| March 3, 1821
| 15
| 205 |
| 17th
| March 4, 1821
| March 3, 1823
| 21
| 226 |
| 18th
| March 4, 1823
| March 3, 1825
| 11
| 237 |
| 19th
| March 4, 1825
| March 3, 1827
| 16
| 253 |
| 20th
| March 4, 1827
| March 3, 1829
| 16
| 269 |
| 21st
| March 4, 1829
| March 3, 1831
| 14
| 283 |
| 22nd
| March 4, 1831
| March 3, 1833
| 9
| 292 |
| 23rd
| March 4, 1833
| March 3, 1835
| 23
| 315 |
| 24th
| March 4, 1835
| March 3, 1837
| 20
| 335 |
| 25th
| March 4, 1837
| March 3, 1839
| 19
| 354 |
| 26th
| March 4, 1839
| March 3, 1841
| 18
| 372 |
| 27th
| March 4, 1841
| March 3, 1843
| 23
| 395 |
| 28th
| March 4, 1843
| March 3, 1845
| 14
| 409 |
| 29th
| March 4, 1845
| March 3, 1847
| 13
| 422 |
| 30th
| March 4, 1847
| March 3, 1849
| 10
| 432 |
| 31st
| March 4, 1849
| March 3, 1851
| 14
| 446 |
| 32nd
| March 4, 1851
| March 3, 1853
| 6
| 452 |
| 33rd
| March 4, 1853
| March 3, 1855
| 9
| 461 |
| 34th
| March 4, 1855
| March 3, 1857
| 9
| 470 |
| 35th
| March 4, 1857
| March 3, 1859
| 11
| 481 |
| 36th
| March 4, 1859
| March 3, 1861
| 7
| 488 |
| 37th
| March 4, 1861
| March 3, 1863
| 20
| 508 |
| 38th
| March 4, 1863
| March 3, 1865
| 6
| 514 |
| 39th
| March 4, 1865
| March 3, 1867
| 7 (+2 )
| 523 |
| 40th
| March 4, 1867
| March 3, 1869
| 11
| 534 |
| 41st
| March 4, 1869
| March 3, 1871
| 16
| 550 |
| 42nd
| March 4, 1871
| March 3, 1873
| 10
| 560 |
| 43rd
| March 4, 1873
| March 3, 1875
| 13
| 573 |
| 44th
| March 4, 1875
| March 3, 1877
| 16
| 589 |
| 45th
| March 4, 1877
| March 3, 1879
| 6
| 595 |
| 46th
| March 4, 1879
| March 3, 1881
| 8
| 603 |
| 47th
| March 4, 1881
| March 3, 1883
| 16
| 619 |
| 48th
| March 4, 1883
| March 3, 1885
| 15
| 634 |
| 49th
| March 4, 1885
| March 3, 1887
| 11
| 645 |
| 50th
| March 4, 1887
| March 3, 1889
| 8
| 653 |
| 51st
| March 4, 1889
| March 3, 1891
| 17
| 670 |
| 52nd
| March 4, 1891
| March 3, 1893
| 15
| 685 |
| 53rd
| March 4, 1893
| March 3, 1895
| 21
| 706 |
| 54th
| March 4, 1895
| March 3, 1897
| 11
| 717 |
| 55th
| March 4, 1897
| March 3, 1899
| 13
| 730 |
| 56th
| March 4, 1899
| March 3, 1901
| 20
| 750 |
| 57th
| March 4, 1901
| March 3, 1903
| 17
| 767 |
| 58th
| March 4, 1903
| March 3, 1905
| 14
| 781 |
| 59th
| March 4, 1905
| March 3, 1907
| 17
| 798 |
| 60th
| March 4, 1907
| March 3, 1909
| 13
| 811 |
| 61st
| March 4, 1909
| March 3, 1911
| 13
| 824 |
| 62nd
| March 4, 1911
| March 3, 1913
| 15
| 839 |
| 63rd
| March 4, 1913
| March 3, 1915
| 19
| 858 |
| 64th
| March 4, 1915
| March 3, 1917
| 12
| 870 |
| 65th
| March 4, 1917
| March 3, 1919
| 23
| 893 |
| 66th
| March 4, 1919
| March 3, 1921
| 24
| 917 |
| 67th
| March 4, 1921
| March 3, 1923
| 20
| 937 |
| 68th
| March 4, 1923
| March 3, 1925
| 24
| 961 |
| 69th
| March 4, 1925
| March 3, 1927
| 11
| 972 |
| 70th
| March 4, 1927
| March 3, 1929
| 15
| 987 |
| 71st
| March 4, 1929
| March 3, 1931
| 27
| 1,014 |
| 72nd
| March 4, 1931
| March 3, 1933
| 24
| 1,038 |
| 73rd
| March 4, 1933
| January 3, 1935
| 15
| 1,053 |
| 74th
| January 3, 1935
| January 3, 1937
| 10
| 1,063 |
| 75th
| January 3, 1937
| January 3, 1939
| 15
| 1,078 |
| 76th
| January 3, 1939
| January 3, 1941
| 24
| 1,102 |
| 77th
| January 3, 1941
| January 3, 1943
| 19
| 1,121 |
| 78th
| January 3, 1943
| January 3, 1945
| 18
| 1,139 |
| 79th
| January 3, 1945
| January 3, 1947
| 16
| 1,155 |
| 80th
| January 3, 1947
| January 3, 1949
| 19
| 1,174 |
| 81st
| January 3, 1949
| January 3, 1951
| 11
| 1,185 |
| 82nd
| January 3, 1951
| January 3, 1953
| 15
| 1,200 |
| 83rd
| January 3, 1953
| January 3, 1955
| 9
| 1,209 |
| 84th
| January 3, 1955
| January 3, 1957
| 5
| 1,214 |
| 85th
| January 3, 1957
| January 3, 1959
| 10
| 1,224 |
| 86th
| January 3, 1959
| January 3, 1961
| 10
| 1,234 |
| 87th
| January 3, 1961
| January 3, 1963
| 12
| 1,246 |
| 88th
| January 3, 1963
| January 3, 1965
| 12
| 1,258 |
| 89th
| January 3, 1965
| January 3, 1967
| 10
| 1,268 |
| 90th
| January 3, 1967
| January 3, 1969
| 7
| 1,275 |
| 91st
| January 3, 1969
| January 3, 1971
| 14
| 1,289 |
| 92nd
| January 3, 1971
| January 3, 1973
| 10
| 1,299 |
| 93rd
| January 3, 1973
| January 3, 1975
| 10
| 1,309 |
| 94th
| January 3, 1975
| January 3, 1977
| 10
| 1,319 |
| 95th
| January 3, 1977
| January 3, 1979
| 6
| 1,325 |
| 96th
| January 3, 1979
| January 3, 1981
| 7
| 1,332 |
| 97th
| January 3, 1981
| January 3, 1983
| 9
| 1,341 |
| 98th
| January 3, 1983
| January 3, 1985
| 9
| 1,350 |
| 99th
| January 3, 1985
| January 3, 1987
| 5
| 1,355 |
| 100th
| January 3, 1987
| January 3, 1989
| 8
| 1,363 |
| 101st
| January 3, 1989
| January 3, 1991
| 12
| 1,375 |
| 102nd
| January 3, 1991
| January 3, 1993
| 6
| 1,381 |
| 103rd
| January 3, 1993
| January 3, 1995
| 7
| 1,388 |
| 104th
| January 3, 1995
| January 3, 1997
| 6
| 1,394 |
| 105th
| January 3, 1997
| January 3, 1999
| 9
| 1,403 |
| 106th
| January 3, 1999
| January 3, 2001
| 3
| 1,406 |
| 107th
| January 3, 2001
| January 3, 2003
| 9
| 1,415 |
| 108th
| January 3, 2003
| January 3, 2005
| 5
| 1,420 |
| 109th
| January 3, 2005
| January 3, 2007
| 6
| 1,426 |
| 110th
| January 3, 2007
| January 3, 2009
| 5+6
| 1,437 |
List of special elections, 1849-present
| District
| Congress
| Date
| Predecessor
| Winner |
|
| 31st
| August 22 1850
| Robert C. Winthrop (W)
| Samuel A. Eliot (W) |
|
| 33rd
| April 17 1854
| Zeno Scudder (W)
| Thomas D. Eliot (W) |
|
| 41st
| November 2 1869
| George S. Boutwell (R)
| George M. Brooks (R) |
|
| 41st
| August 4 1870
| John T. Deweese (R)
| Robert B. Gilliam (D) |
|
| 41st
| November 26 1870
| John T. Deweese (R)
| John Manning, Jr. (D) |
|
| 41st
| December 12 1870
| Benjamin F. Whittemore (R)
| Joseph Rainey (R) |
|
| 41st
| December 22 1870
| Samuel F. Gove (R)
| Jefferson F. Long (R) |
|
| 43rd
| December 1 1873
| Joseph G. Wilson (R)
| James W. Nesmith (D) |
|
| 44th
| December 6 1875
| None
| La Fayette Lane (D) |
|
| 52nd
| November 8, 1892
| Joseph McKenna (R)
| Samuel G. Hilborn (R) |
|
| 55th
| May 31 1898
| John Simpkins (R)
| William S. Greene (R) |
|
| 56th
| April 25 1900
| None
| William H. King (D) |
|
| 56th
| November 6, 1900
| Marion De Vries (D)
| Samuel D. Woods (R) |
|
| 58th
| June 1, 1903
| None
| Binger Hermann (R) |
|
| 58th
| November 8, 1904
| Victor H. Metcalf (R)
| Joseph R. Knowland (R) |
|
| 59th
| November 6, 1906
| James Gillett (R)
| William F. Englebright (R) |
|
| 64th
| November 7, 1916
| William Stephens (R)
| Henry S. Benedict (R)
|
|
| 67th
| February 15, 1921
| None
| Walter F. Lineberger (R)
|
|
| 67th
| November 7, 1922
| John A. Elston (R)
| James H. MacLafferty (R)
|
|
| 68th
| January 23, 1923
| None
| Mae Nolan (R)
|
|
| 68th
| May 1, 1923
| Henry Z. Osborne (R)
| John D. Fredericks (R)
|
|
| 69th
| August 31, 1926
| John E. Raker (D)
| Harry Lane Englebright (R)
|
|
| 69th
| August 31, 1926
| Lawrence J. Flaherty (R)
| Richard J. Welch (R) |
|
| 70th
| October 18 1927
| Maurice E. Crumpacker (R)
| Franklin F. Korell (R) |
|
| 70th
| November 6 1928
| Nicholas J. Sinnott (R)
| Robert R. Butler (R) |
|
| 73rd
| October 3 1933
| Lewis W. Douglas (D)
| Isabella S. Greenway (D) |
|
| 75th
| May 4, 1937
| Henry E. Stubbs (D)
| Alfred J. Elliott (D) |
|
| 75th
| November 8 1938
| Frank L. Kloeb (D)
| Walter H. Albaugh (R) |
|
| 77th
| August 25, 1942
| Lee E. Geyer (D)
| Cecil R. King (D) |
|
| 78th
| August 31, 1943
| Harry Lane Englebright (R)
| Clair Engle (D) |
|
| 78th
| January 18 1944
| James P. McGranery (D)
| Joseph M. Pratt (R) |
|
| 79th
| January 18 1946
| James W. Mott (R)
| A. Walter Norblad (R) |
|
| 80th
| November 4 1947
| Robert Franklin Jones (R)
| William M. McCulloch (R) |
|
| 81st
| November 8, 1949
| Jerry L. Pettis (R)
| John F. Shelley (D) |
|
| 82nd
| November 6 1951
| Edward G. Breen (D)
| Paul F. Schenck (R) |
|
| 83rd
| November 10, 1953
| Norris Poulson (R)
| Glenard P. Lipscomb (R) |
|
| 84th
| December 13 1955
| John D. Dingell, Sr. (D)
| John D. Dingell, Jr. (D) |
|
| 85th
| May 20 1958
| Earl Chudoff (D)
| Robert Nix (D) |
|
| 87th
| May 2 1961
| Stewart Lee Udall (D)
| Mo Udall (D) |
|
| 87th
| January 30 1962
| Sam Rayburn (D)
| Ray Roberts (D) |
|
| 88th
| January 22, 1963
| None
| Donald H. Clausen (R) |
|
| 88th
| June 11, 1963
| Clyde Doyle (D)
| Del M. Clawson (R) |
|
| 88th
| February 18, 1964
| John F. Shelley (D)
| Phillip Burton (D) |
|
| 88th
| November 3 1964
| A. Walter Norblad (R)
| Wendell Wyatt (R) |
|
| 89th
| December 15, 1965
| James Roosevelt (D)
| Thomas M. Rees (D) |
|
| 89th
| June 7, 1966
| John F. Baldwin, Jr. (R)
| Jerome R. Waldie (D) |
|
| 90th
| December 12, 1967
| J. Arthur Younger (R)
| Pete McCloskey (R) |
|
| 91st
| April 29, 1969
| Ed Reinecke (R)
| Barry Goldwater, Jr. (R) |
|
| 91st
| September 30 1969
| William H. Bates (R)
| Michael J. Harrington (D) |
|
| 91st
| June 30, 1970
| Glenard P. Lipscomb (R)
| John H. Rousselot (R) |
|
| 91st
| June 30, 1970
| James B. Utt (R)
| John G. Schmitz (R) |
|
| 91st
| December 3 1970
| Daniel J. Ronan (D)
| George W. Collins (D) |
|
| 93rd
| March 6 1973
| None
| Don Young (R) |
|
| 93rd
| March 20 1973
| Hale Boggs (D)
| Lindy Boggs (D) |
|
| 93rd
| June 5 1973
| George W. Collins (D)
| Cardiss Collins (D) |
|
| 93rd
| August 21 1973
| William O. Mills (R)
| Robert Bauman (R) |
|
| 93rd
| February 5 1974
| John P. Saylor (R)
| John Murtha (D) |
|
| 93rd
| February 18 1974
| Gerald Ford (R)
| Richard VanderVeen (D) |
|
| 93rd
| June 4 1974
| Charles M. Teague (R)
| Robert J. Lagomarsino (R) |
|
| 93rd
| March 5 1974
| William J. Keating (R)
| Thomas A. Luken (D) |
|
| 93rd
| April 16 1974
| R. James Harvey (R)
| J. Bob Traxler (D) |
|
| 93rd
| June 4 1974
| William S. Mailliard (R)
| John L. Burton (D) |
|
| 94th
| April 29 1975
| Jerry Pettis (R)
| Shirley N. Pettis (R) |
|
| 94th
| July 8 1975
| John C. Kluczynski (D)
| John G. Fary (D) |
|
| 94th
| November 25 1975
| Richard H. Fulton (D)
| Clifford R. Allen (D) |
|
| 94th
| March 2 1976
| James F. Hastings (R)
| Stanley N. Lundine (D) |
|
| 94th
| April 3 1976
| Rob Casey (D)
| Ron Paul (R) |
|
| 94th
| June 19 1976
| Wright Patman (D)
| Sam B. Hall, Jr. (D) |
|
| 94th
| November 2 1976
| Torbert MacDonald (D)
| Ed Markey (D) |
|
| 94th
| November 2 1976
| Jerry Litton (D)
| Earl Thomas Coleman (R) |
|
| 94th
| November 2 1976
| William A. Barrett (D)
| Michael Myers (D) |
|
| 95th
| February 22 1977
| Bob Bergland (DFL)
| Arlan Stangeland (R) |
|
| 95th
| April 6 1977
| Andrew Young (D)
| Wyche Fowler (D) |
|
| 95th
| May 17 1977
| Brock Adams (D)
| John E. Cunningham (R) |
|
| 95th
| August 27 1977
| Richard A. Tonry (D)
| Robert L. Livingston (R) |
|
| 95th
| February 14 1978
| Edward I. Koch (D)
| S. William Green (R) |
|
| 95th
| February 14 1978
| Herman Badillo (D)
| Robert Garcia (D) |
|
| 96th
| April 3 1979
| None
| William Royer (R) |
|
| 96th
| April 9 1980
| John M. Slack (D)
| John G. Hutchinson (D) |
|
| 96th
| January 22 1980
| Abner J. Mikva (D)
| John Edward Porter (R) |
|
| 96th
| April 9 1980
| Daniel J. Flood (D)
| Raphael Musto (D) |
|
| 96th
| May 17 1980
| David C. Treen (R)
| Billy Tauzin (D) |
|
| 96th
| November 4 1980
| Charles Diggs (D)
| George W. Crockett (D) |
|
| 97th
| April 21 1981
| David Stockman (R)
| Mark D. Siljander (R) |
|
| 97th
| May 19 1981
| Gladys Spellman (D)
| Steny Hoyer (D) |
|
| 97th
| June 25 1981
| Tennyson Guyer (R)
| Mike Oxley (R) |
|
| 97th
| July 7 1981
| Jon Hinson (R)
| Wayne Dowdy (D) |
|
| 97th
| July 21 1981
| Raymond F. Lederer (D)
| Joseph F. Smith (D) |
|
| 97th
| January 12 1982
| William R. Cotter (D)
| Barbara B. Kennelly (D) |
|
| 97th
| June 29 1982
| John M. Ashbrook (R)
| Jean Ashbrook (R) |
|
| 97th
| July 13 1982
| George E. Danielson (D)
| Matthew G. Martinez (D) |
|
| 97th
| November 2 1982
| Adam Benjamin, Jr. (D)
| Katie Hall (D) |
|
| 98th
| February 12 1983
| Phil Gramm (D)
| Phil Gramm (R) |
|
| 98th
| March 1 1983
| Benjamin S. Rosenthal (D)
| Gary L. Ackerman (D) |
|
| 98th
| March 29 1983
| None
| Dan Schaefer (R) |
|
| 98th
| June 21 1983
| Phillip Burton (D)
| Sala Burton (D) |
|
| 98th
| August 23 1983
| Harold Washington (D)
| Charles A. Hayes (D) |
|
| 98th
| November 8 1983
| Larry McDonald (D)
| Buddy Darden (D) |
|
| 98th
| April 3 1984
| Clement J. Zablocki (D)
| Gerald D. Kleczka (D) |
|
| 98th
| November 6 1984
| Carl D. Perkins (D)
| Carl C. Perkins (D) |
|
| 98th
| November 6 1984
| Edwin B. Forsythe (R)
| H. James Saxton (R) |
|
| 99th
| March 30 1985
| Gillis W. Long (D)
| Cathy Long (D) |
|
| 99th
| September 4 1985
| Sam B. Hall (D)
| Jim Chapman (D) |
|
| 99th
| July 10 1986
| Joseph P. Addabbo (D)
| Alton R. Waldon, Jr. (D) |
|
| 99th
| September 20 1986
| Cecil Heftel (D)
| Neil Abercrombie (D) |
|
| 99th
| November 4 1986
| James T. Broyhill (R)
| Cass Ballenger (R) |
|
| 100th
| June 2 1987
| Sala Burton (D)
| Nancy Pelosi (D) |
|
| 100th
| August 18 1987
| Stewart McKinney (R)
| Christopher Shays (R) |
|
| 100th
| April 16 1988
| Buddy Roemer (D)
| Jim McCrery (R) |
|
| 100th
| January 19 1988
| Bill Boner (D)
| Bob Clement (D) |
|
| 100th
| June 14 1988
| Dan Daniel (D)
| Lewis F. Payne, Jr. (D) |
|
| 100th
| August 9 1988
| Melvin Price (D)
| Jerry F. Costello (D) |
|
| 100th
| November 8 1988
| James J. Howard (D)
| Frank Pallone (D) |
|
| 100th
| November 8 1988
| John J. Duncan, Sr. (R)
| John J. Duncan, Jr. (R) |
|
| 101st
| March 28 1989
| Dan Coats (R)
| Jill L. Long (D) |
|
| 101st
| April 4 1989
| Bill Nichols (D)
| Glen Browder (D) |
|
| 101st
| April 26 1989
| Dick Cheney (R)
| Craig L. Thomas (R) |
|
| 101st
| August 29 1989
| Claude Pepper (D)
| Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (R) |
|
| 101st
| September 12 1989
| Tony Coelho (D)
| Gary Condit (D) |
|
| 101st
| September 12 1989
| Jim Wright (D)
| Pete Geren (D) |
|
| 101st
| October 17 1989
| Larkin I. Smith (R)
| Gene Taylor (D) |
|
| 101st
| December 9 1989
| Mickey Leland (D)
| Craig Washington (D) |
|
| 101st
| March 20 1990
| Guy Molinari (R)
| Susan Molinari (R) |
|
| 101st
| March 20 1990
| Robert Garcia (D)
| Jose Serrano (D) |
|
| 101st
| September 22 1990
| Daniel Akaka (D)
| Patsy Mink (D) |
|
| 101st
| November 6 1990
| James J. Florio (D)
| Robert E. Andrews (D) |
|
| 102nd
| May 18 1991
| Steve Bartlett (R)
| Sam Johnson (R) |
|
| 102nd
| June 4 1991
| Silvio Conte (R)
| John Olver (D) |
|
| 102nd
| July 2 1991
| Edward Madigan (R)
| |
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