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List of Proto-Semitic stems
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - Cite This SourceThis is a list of Proto-Semitic stems (triconsonantal roots and extensions) with their reflexes in several Semitic languages (i.e. actually-pronounced forms with vowels, as opposed to Semitic pure consonantal roots). Only stems attested in Akkadian, or with cognates in other Afro-Asiatic groups, can be confidently included in Proto-Semitic; others must be placed in West Semitic. There is some controversy in Semitic linguistics over the sibilants' pronunciation (see Proto-Semitic, Shin (letter)).
Proto-Semitic Stems
| English | PS | Akkadian | Arabic | Hebrew | Syriac | Ge'ez | Mehri | Phoenician |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| earth | ||||||||
| father | ||||||||
| god | - | - | ||||||
| grape/wine | - | ('wine') | - | - | ||||
| house | ||||||||
| husband | (> "master") | |||||||
| king | - | - | - | |||||
| milk | - | |||||||
| name | ||||||||
| peace | ||||||||
| sun | - | - | ||||||
| tree | - | |||||||
| water | ||||||||
Body parts
| English | PS | Akkadian | Arabic | Hebrew | Syriac | Geez | Mehri | Phoenician |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| blood | - | - | ||||||
| eye | ||||||||
| hand | ||||||||
| heart | ||||||||
| tongue | ||||||||
| tooth | * | - |
Animal names
| English | PS | Akkadian | Arabic | Hebrew | Syriac | Geez | Mehri | Phoenician |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| bull | (> 'ox') | - | - | |||||
| camel | ||||||||
| dog | ? | |||||||
| ewe | - | - | - | - |
- Note: "ś" is used to transliterate Ge'ez śin, which could represent either "ś" or "s," depending on the word and time period.
Proto-West-Semitic Stems
This is a list of cognates for which no Akkadian cognate is known or attested.
| English | PWS | Arabic | Hebrew | Syriac | Geez | Mehri | Phoenician |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| wasp | (> "bee") | - | - | - | |||
| holy | - | ||||||
| son | - | ||||||
| white | (> "buttermilk") | - | - |
References
External links
- Bartleby: American Heritage Dictionary: Semitic Roots Index
- Starling Etymological Databases
- Akkadian dictionary
- Phoenician dictionary
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Last updated on Sunday February 03, 2008 at 10:23:59 PST (GMT -0800)
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