In legal theory:

• Liberal legalism - A theory on the relationship between politics and law

In philosophy:

• Legalism (Western philosophy), a concept in Western jurisprudence
• Legalism (Chinese philosophy), one of the four chief philosophic schools in China during the Warring States Period
• Legalism (Korean philosophy), school of Korean legal thought originating in Korea's Joseon Dynasty related to the Chinese philosophical tradition of legalism

In theology:

• Legalism (theology), a sometimes pejorative term relating to a number of concepts in the Christian theological tradition