
The courthouse was completed in late 2002 at a cost of $84 million and opened in early 2003. It replaced the old former courthouse, which was built in 1933 and had many indoor air quality problems, including illness-inducing mold and mildew. 
The new courthouse comprises 492,000 square feet building and 14 occupied levels above a basement parking level, including space for expected growth. It was named after John Milton Bryan Simpson after an act of Congress introduced by Florida U.S. Senator Bill Nelson was passed. The courthouse was officially dedicated on February 8, 2005. 
The courtroom arrangement is a "hybrid collegial" concept: Magistrate and bankruptcy judge's chambers are on the same level as their courtrooms, the traditional arrangement, while district and appellate judge chambers are "collegially" located together on levels directly above or below their respective courtrooms. The resulting plan allows four district courtrooms per level, an efficient management for public access. Placing the chambers on separate levels allows increased security and shared resources for the judges.