Ja'fari_jurisprudence

Ja'fari jurisprudence

''This is a sub-article to Islamic jurisprudence and Twelvers.

Jaʿfarī school of thought, Jaʿfarī jurisprudence or Jaʿfarī Fiqh is the school of jurisprudence of Shi'a Muslims, derived from the name of Jaʿfar as-Ṣādiq, the 6^th Shi'a Imam.

It differs from the four schools or madhhabs of Sunni jurisprudence in its reliance on ijtihad, the use of reason to interpret Islamic laws, as well as on matters of inheritance, religious taxes, commerce, personal status and the allowing of temporary marriage or mutʿa. However, despite these differences, there have been numerous fatwas regarding the acceptance of Jaʿfarī fiqh as an acceptable Muslim madhhab by Sunni religious bodies. These include the Amman Message and a fatwa by Al-Azhar.

Branches

Usuli

This school of thought utilizes Ijtihad by adopting reasoned argumentation in finding the laws of Islam. Usulis emphasize the role of Mujtahid who was capable of independently interpreting the sacred sources as an intermediary of the Hidden Imam^as and , thus, serve as a guide to the community.This meant that legal interpretations were kept flexible to take account of changing conditions and the dynimics of the times. This school of thought is predominant among most of Shi'a.

According to idea developed by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, two kinds of Ja'fari jurisprudence can be recognized. One as Conventional Fiqh and another as Dynamic Fiqh. In Dynamic Fiqh, which is backed by the famous text book Javaher-al-Kalem (جواهر الكلم), one should consider the concept of time, era, and age (زمان) as well as the concept of place, location and venue (مکان). He stated that these two concepts have key role in the underestanding and extraction of commandments.