Ingvaeonic, also known as
North Sea Germanic, is a postulated grouping of the
West Germanic languages that would fork into
Old Frisian,
Old English and
Old Saxon and according to some the local dialect of
West-Flanders. It must not be thought of as a monolithic proto-language, but as a group of closely related dialects that were also influenced by other groups of Germanic dialects.
North Sea Germanic has been proposed by the German linguist Friedrich Maurer who criticized the strict tree diagrams that had been used for the subdivision of language families since 19th century linguist August Schleicher. He rejected Anglo-Frisian as a historical subdivision of West Germanic.
Ingvaeonic is named after the Ingaevones, a West Germanic cultural group or proto-tribe along the North Sea coast. However, the identification of North Sea Germanic, the common ancestor of Old Frisian, Old English and Old Saxon with the language of the Ingvaeones is disputed.
Characteristics
Linguistic evidence for Ingvaeonic are common innovations observed in Old Frisian, Old English and Old Saxon such as the
Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law, the loss of the Germanic
reflexive pronoun, the
monophthongization of Germanic
*ai to
ē/ā, and
deflexion such as the reduction of the three Germanic
verbal plural forms into one form.
References
- Stefan Sonderegger (1979): Grundzüge deutscher Sprachgeschichte. Diachronie des Sprachsystems. Band I: Einführung – Genealogie – Konstanten. Berlin/New York: Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 3-11-003570-7
