• Homology (anthropology), analogy between human beliefs, practices or artifacts due to genetic or historical connections.
• Homology (biology): similar structures due to shared ancestry.
• Homology (chemistry): a compound of a series differing only by repeated units
• Homology (mathematics), a procedure to associate a sequence of abelian groups or modules with a given mathematical object.
• Homology (sociology), a structural 'resonance' between the different elements making up a socio-cultural whole.
• Homology modeling, a method of protein structure prediction

Homologous may refer to:

• Homologous series (chemistry), a series of organic compounds with a similar general formula.
• Homologous temperature, the temperature of a material as a fraction of its absolute melting point.
• Homologous chromosomes, chromosomes in a biological cell that pair up (synapse) during meiosis.

Homological may refer to:

• Homological word
• Homological algebra