After being held as a prisoner of war, he was one of the founders in 1947 of Gruppe 47, and for poems in his then unpublished Abgelegene Gehöfte, he was one of the first two recipients, in 1950, of its Literature Prize for young writers.
He published prose, poetry, and radio plays over the rest of his life. In 1953, he married the Austrian writer Ilse Aichinger. They lived in Germany, but he died in Salzburg.
His collected works were published in four volumes in 1991.
James Dickey opened his 1965 poem "The Firebombing," about a nighttime air raid on the Japanese town of Beppu, with this epigraph from Eich's work:
roughly: