Friedman

Friedman, Jerome Isaac, 1930-, American physicist, b. Chicago, Ph.D. Univ. of Chicago, 1956. A professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Friedman won the 1990 Nobel Prize in Physics with Richard E. Taylor and Henry W. Kendall for a series of experiments (1967-73) that showed that protons and neutrons are not fundamental particles of matter but are composed of smaller particles known as quarks. This evidence allowed scientists to develop the Standard Model theory of matter, which states that all matter is made up of combinations of six quarks and six leptons that interact with five types of force particles (see elementary particles).

Friedman, Milton, 1912-2006, American economist, b. New York City, Ph.D. Columbia, 1946. Friedman was influential in helping to revive the monetarist school of economic thought (see monetarism). He was a staff member at the National Bureau of Economic Research (1937-46, 1948-81) and an economics professor at the Univ. of Chicago (1946-82). Much of Friedman's early work is notable for its arguments against government economic controls. His writings dismissed Keynesian theories on consumption, price theory, inflation, distribution, and the money supply (see Keynes, John Maynard). His most famous empirical work is A Monetary History of the United States, 1867-1960, coauthored with Anna J. Schwartz (1963). The book charts the relationship between general price levels and economic cycles and the government's manipulation of the money supply. Friedman also predicted that the spending associated with government programs would interact with the "natural rate of unemployment" to result in the stagflation of the 1970s. Friedman was a prolific author; his other works included Capitalism and Freedom (1964, rev. ed. 1981), Politics and Tyranny (1985), and Monetarist Economics (1991). With his wife, Rose (1910?-2009), a Univ. of Chicago-educated free-market economist, he wrote Free to Choose (1981), The Tyranny of the Status Quo (1984), and the dual memoir Two Lucky People (1998). In 1976 he won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, and he was an adviser to the Reagan administration in the 1980s. He also was a columnist for Newsweek (1966-84) and a frequent television commentator.

(born July 31, 1912, Brooklyn, N.Y., U.S.—died Nov. 16, 2006, San Francisco, Calif.) U.S. economist. Friedman studied at Rutgers and Columbia before joining the faculty of the University of Chicago in 1946. There he became the leading U.S. advocate of monetarism. He oversaw the economic transition in Chile after the overthrow of Salvador Allende. In the 1980s his ideas were taken up by Pres. Ronald Reagan and Britain's Margaret Thatcher. His many books include A Theory of the Consumption Function (1957) and Capitalism and Freedom (1962), both with his wife, Rose Friedman, and A Monetary History of the United States, 1867–1960 (1963) and Monetary Trends of the United States and the United Kingdom (1981), with economist Anna Schwartz. He received the Nobel Prize in 1976.

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(born July 31, 1912, Brooklyn, N.Y., U.S.—died Nov. 16, 2006, San Francisco, Calif.) U.S. economist. Friedman studied at Rutgers and Columbia before joining the faculty of the University of Chicago in 1946. There he became the leading U.S. advocate of monetarism. He oversaw the economic transition in Chile after the overthrow of Salvador Allende. In the 1980s his ideas were taken up by Pres. Ronald Reagan and Britain's Margaret Thatcher. His many books include A Theory of the Consumption Function (1957) and Capitalism and Freedom (1962), both with his wife, Rose Friedman, and A Monetary History of the United States, 1867–1960 (1963) and Monetary Trends of the United States and the United Kingdom (1981), with economist Anna Schwartz. He received the Nobel Prize in 1976.

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Friedman, Friedmann, and Freedman are common surnames.

They may refer to:

In music

• Avraham Fried, Jewish composer and musical entertainer, also known as Avraham Friedman
• Dean Friedman, singer-songwriter
• Debbie Friedman, musician
• Gary William Friedman, composer
• Harry Freedman, Canadian composer, musician and educator
• Ignaz Friedman, Polish-Austrian pianist, composer, also known as Ignacy Friedman
• Kinky Friedman, singer and candidate for the Texas gubernatorial election, 2006
• Marc Friedman, electric bassist/multi-instrumentalist and composer
• Marty Friedman (guitarist), guitarist
• Ross the Boss Friedman, guitarist
• Tim Freedman, the vocalist and pianist
• Matthew Friedman, musician, singer and performer
• Don Friedman, jazz pianist
• Stephan Friedman, Israeli experimental musician

In mathematics

• Alexander Friedman, mathematician and cosmologist
• Freedman-Diaconis rule, rule used to specify the number of bins to be used in a histogram
• Friedman number, integer which, in a given base, is the result of an expression using all its own digits
• Daniel P. Friedman, computer scientist and mathematician specializing in functional languages at Indiana University.
• Harvey Friedman, mathematical logician at The Ohio State University
• Michael Freedman, mathematician at Microsoft Research
• Sy Friedman, logician at the University of Vienna
• William F. Friedman, cryptologist

In sports

• Henryk Friedman, Polish chess master
• Benny Friedman, American football quarterback
• Dougie Freedman, Scottish professional association footballer
• Lee Freedman, prominent Australian racehorse trainer
• Lennie Friedman, American football player for the Cleveland Browns of the NFL
• Marty Friedman (basketball), pro basketball player and coach
• Prahlad Friedman, professional poker player

In economics

• Benjamin M. Friedman, leading American political economist
• Daniel Friedman, Economics professor at UCSC and director of LEEPS (Learning and Experimental Economics Projects) of Santa Cruz
• Emanuel Friedman, banker
• Milton Friedman, Nobel Prize-winning economist
• Friedman rule, Milton Friedman's policy regarding cash-in-advance models of monetary systems
• Friedman's k-percent rule, Milton Friedman's policy regarding optimal money supply growth
• Friedman test, non-parametric statistical test developed by the U.S. economist Milton Friedman
• Rose Friedman, political author and the wife of Milton Friedman
• Stephen Friedman (PFIAB), chairman of the U.S. President Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board
• Bernát Friedmann, Hungarian jurist and criminal lawyer
• Bernie Friedman, attorney in Hollywood, Florida
• Daniel Friedmann, Israeli Minister of Justice
• David D. Friedman, libertarian writer
• Martin Freedman, Manitoba lawyer
• Michel Friedman, German former lawyer
• Samuel Freedman, lawyer, judge, and Chief Justice of the Province of Manitoba
• Stephen J. Friedman, dean of Pace University School of Law
• Morris Friedman, private stenographer

In literature

• Bruce Jay Friedman, novelist, screenwriter and playwright
• Celia S. Friedman, science fiction novelist
• David Freedman, the first child, and only son of Sara and Israel Freedman
• David Friedman, writer
• Elizebeth Friedman, cryptanalyst and author
• Esther Pauline Friedman, advice columnist also known as Ann Landers
• Frieda Friedman, author
• David Gerrold, science fiction author, also known as Jerrold David Friedman
• Michael Jan Friedman, author
• Rita Friedman, creator of The Letter People
• Samuel G. Freedman, journalist
• Thomas L. Friedman, columnist

In television and film

• Budd Friedman, actor and producer
• Capturing the Friedmans, documentary film directed by Andrew Jarecki
• David F. Friedman, American filmmaker and producer
• Josh Friedman, American screenwriter
• Maria Friedman, musical theatre actress
• Sidney Freedman, psychiatrist in the television series M*A*S*H

In science

• Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker, exact solution of the Einstein field equations of general relativity
• Friedmann equations, equations relating various cosmological parameters
• Daniel P. Friedman, computer scientist
• Herbert Friedman, rocket science, solar physics, aeronomy, and astronomy
• Egon Friedell, Austrian philosopher, also known as Egon Friedmann
• Georges Friedmann (1902-1977), French sociologist
• Hermann Friedmann
• Irving Friedman, geochemist
• Jerome Isaac Friedman, Nobel Prize physicist
• Stanton T. Friedman, physicist and ufologist
• Meyer Friedman, medical scientist

In art

• Arnold Friedman (1874 – 1946), an American painter
• Drew Friedman, cartoonist
• Harold Freedman, artist public murals
• Ken Friedman, seminal figure in Fluxus
• Tom Friedman (artist), American sculptor

In photography

• Glen E. Friedman, photographer
• Robert Capa, 20th century war photographer, also known as Endré Ernő Friedmann

In religion

• Yisroel Friedman, Hasidic rebbe of Ruzhin
• David Noel Freedman, biblical scholar
• Meïr ben Jeremiah Friedmann, Hungarian-Austrian scholar, Jewish theologian
• Richard Elliott Friedman, scholar of biblical criticism
• Israel Friedmann, founder of the Ruzhiner dynasty
• Manis Friedman, biblical scholar, author, counselor and speaker

In history

• Renee Friedman, American Egyptologist
• Paul Freedman, historian

In education

• Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, school
• James O. Freedman, the fifteenth president of Dartmouth College
• Richard A. Friedman, Director of Psychopharmacology
• Samuel O. Freedman, clinical immunologist, professor
• Stephen J. Friedman, dean of Pace University School of Law

In business

• Eugene Freedman, entrepreneur and philanthropist
• George Friedman, the founder of Stratfor
• Joseph Friedman, inventor
• Nat Friedman, programmer
• Scott Friedman, the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Seegrid Corporation

In social work

• Freedman's Aid Society, organization
• Freedman's Bureau, federal agency that was formed during the American Civil War

In other fields

• Yohanan Friedmann,an Israeli scholar of Islamic studies.
• Friedman Memorial Airport, public airport located in the town of Hailey in Blaine County, Idaho, USA
• Tuviah Friedman, director of the Institute for the Documentation of Nazi War Crimes in Haifa
• Thomas Friedman, journalist
• Jeffrey Friedman, political scientist

See also

• Freedman, a former slave
• Fried
• Friedman (unit), a tongue-in-cheek neologism named after columnist Thomas L. Friedman
• Fridman