It is named for Revolutionary hero Francisco I. Madero, a native of nearby Parras de la Fuente.
It is located 200km from the state capital, Saltillo. It covers 4,933.9 km² (1,904.99 sq mi), which is 3.25% of the total surface area of the state. The city, which serves as municipal seat of the municipality, had a 2005 census population of 30,084, while the municipality had a total population of 51,528. Its largest other community is the town of Lequeitio.