Forbes

Forbes, Duncan, 1685-1747, Scottish statesman, known as Forbes of Culloden. As lord advocate of Scotland (1725-37) and lord president of the court of session (1737-47), his influence and diplomacy did much to consolidate the union of England and Scotland, but his plan to create royal highland regiments to prevent clan uprisings was not adopted until 1739 when the famous regiment, the Black Watch, was founded. He actively opposed the Jacobite rebels in 1715 and 1745 and urged lenient treatment in pacifying the country after the defeat and massacre of the rebels at the battle of Culloden Moor (1746).

Forbes, John, 1710-59, British general in the French and Indian Wars, b. Scotland. He entered the British army in 1735, won distinction and promotion in the War of the Austrian Succession, and in 1757 was made a colonel and was sent to reinforce the expedition against Louisburg, Nova Scotia. Courageous, thorough, and particularly able as a quartermaster, he was promoted (Dec., 1757) to brigadier general (in America only) and assigned to command an expedition to take Fort Duquesne, the French stronghold at the forks of the Ohio River. Forbes decided not to use the road that Gen. Edward Braddock had taken to his disastrous defeat on the same mission in 1755. Instead he moved (1758) his force of nearly 7,000 men in short stages through W Pennsylvania, establishing successive depots as he went. West of Raytown (now Bedford) he cut a wagon road over the Alleghenies, which, later known as Forbes Road, became a chief highway of Western migration. An advance column under Major James Grant was severely repulsed by the French on the night of Sept. 13-14 while making a reconnaissance in force. However, French and Native American prisoners captured in a subsequent skirmish (Nov. 12) revealed that the French were weak. George Washington was given command of one of the three brigades into which Forbes then divided his army to assure fullest mobility in a quick thrust at Duquesne. But the French garrison decamped (Nov. 24), and Forbes occupied the burned fort on Nov. 25 without further fighting, promptly renaming it Fort Pitt (whence Pittsburgh).

Forbes, Malcolm, 1919-90, American publisher, b. Englewood, N.J. The third son of a Scottish immigrant who founded Forbes magazine in 1917, he graduated from Princeton (1941), and became publisher of the magazine on his father's death (1954). Under his leadership, the publication became one of America's most successful business magazines, with a circulation of 735,000. Its annual list of the richest 400 people in America is one of the most widely quoted sources on the subject of wealth in the United States. Forbes ran unsuccessfully for governor of New Jersey (1957) and used his magazine and numerous books to praise the virtues of laissez-faire capitalism. He was worth at least $400 million at his death. The family continues to run the magazine.

Forbes, William Cameron, 1870-1959, American business executive and diplomat, b. Milton, Mass. He entered the mercantile house of his grandfather, John Murray Forbes, in Boston and was a partner in the firm after 1899. Appointed (1904) to the Philippine Commission by President Theodore Roosevelt, he held several administrative posts there before he served (1909-13) as governor-general of the islands. He was a member of the Wood-Forbes Commission, which was sent (1921) by President Harding to the Philippines. He was later (1930) chairman of a commission to study conditions in Haiti, served (1931-32) as ambassador to Japan at the time of the Manchurian crisis, and led (1935) an economic mission to East Asia.

Burnham, Forbes, 1923-85, prime minister (1964-80) and president (1980-85) of Guyana, formerly British Guiana. His full name was Linden Forbes Sampson Burnham. Of African descent, he received a law degree (1947) from the Univ. of London. Returning home, he founded (1950), with Cheddi Jagan, a political party devoted to gaining independence from Great Britain. He broke with Jagan in 1955 to form a more moderate party. In the 1964 elections his party trailed Jagan's, but Burnham, overcoming Jagan's plurality by uniting with a small third party, was named prime minister. He led his country to independence (1966), and, despite vigorous opposition from Jagan, was reaffirmed as prime minister in elections in 1968 and 1973. With enormous aid from the United States, which had worked secretly to destabilize the Jagan government, he furthered public works and decreased the country's high unemployment rate. He promoted the nationalization of natural resources and attempted to ease racial tensions between blacks and majority Asian Indians by opening government positions to the Indians.

(born June 13, 1928, Bluefield, W.Va., U.S.) U.S. mathematician. He earned a doctorate from Princeton University at 22. He began teaching at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1951 but left in the late 1950s because of mental illness; thereafter he was informally associated with Princeton. Beginning in the 1950s with his influential thesis “Non-cooperative Games,” Nash established the mathematical principles of game theory. His theory, known as the Nash solution or Nash equilibrium, attempted to explain the dynamics of threat and action among competitors. Despite its practical limitations, it was widely applied by business strategists. He shared the 1994 Nobel Prize in Economics with John C. Harsanyi (b. 1920) and Reinhard Selten (b. 1930). A film version of his life, A Beautiful Mind (2001), won an Academy Award for best picture.

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(born June 13, 1928, Bluefield, W.Va., U.S.) U.S. mathematician. He earned a doctorate from Princeton University at 22. He began teaching at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1951 but left in the late 1950s because of mental illness; thereafter he was informally associated with Princeton. Beginning in the 1950s with his influential thesis “Non-cooperative Games,” Nash established the mathematical principles of game theory. His theory, known as the Nash solution or Nash equilibrium, attempted to explain the dynamics of threat and action among competitors. Despite its practical limitations, it was widely applied by business strategists. He shared the 1994 Nobel Prize in Economics with John C. Harsanyi (b. 1920) and Reinhard Selten (b. 1930). A film version of his life, A Beautiful Mind (2001), won an Academy Award for best picture.

Learn more about Nash, John Forbes with a free trial on Britannica.com.

Forbes is a city in Dickey County, North Dakota in the United States. The population was 64 at the 2000 census. Forbes was founded in 1905.

Geography

Forbes is located at (45.944070, -98.783134).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.2 square miles (0.6 km²), all of it land.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 64 people, 33 households, and 17 families residing in the city. The population density was 262.2 people per square mile (103.0/km²). There were 39 housing units at an average density of 159.8/sq mi (62.7/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 100.00% White.

There were 33 households out of which 21.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.5% were married couples living together, 6.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 45.5% were non-families. 42.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 18.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.94 and the average family size was 2.67.

In the city the population was spread out with 21.9% under the age of 18, 20.3% from 25 to 44, 12.5% from 45 to 64, and 45.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 52 years. For every 100 females there were 113.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 127.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $18,958, and the median income for a family was $33,750. Males had a median income of $16,875 versus $24,375 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,741. There were 10.0% of families and 30.0% of the population living below the poverty line, including 53.3% of under eighteens and 14.8% of those over 64.

References