First Philippine Republic

República Filipina (English: Philippine Republic Tagalog: Unang Republika ng Pilipinas), also known as the First Philippine Republic or the Malolos Republic was the shortlived government of the Philippines formally established with the proclamation of the Malolos Constitution on January 21, 1899 in Malolos, Bulacan until the capture and surrender of Emilio Aguinaldo to the American forces on March 23, 1901 in Palanan, Isabela, which effectively dissolved the First Republic.

The establishment of the Philippine Republic was the culmination of the Philippine Revolution against Spanish rule. Independence was declared on June 12, 1898 and the dictatorial government then in place was replaced by a revolutionary government headed by Emilio Aguinaldo as president on June 23, 1898. The U.S. abolished the Philippine Republic in 1899 and continued its occupation of the islands until 1946, when formal independence was granted.

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History

The republic was formed after the events of the collapse of the spanish rule over the Phillippines.

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Philippine Declaration of Independence. It adopted the Constitución Política de la República Filipina, drawn up by the Philippine Constitutional Convention in the Barasoain Church in Malolos in 1899 to replace the dictatorial government set up by the Pact of Biak-na-Bato in July 7, 1897. It was approved by Aguinaldo and ten delegates to the Assembly of Representatives on January 21, 1899. The convention earlier elected Aguinaldo president on January 1, 1899, leading to his inauguration on January 23 on the same year.

In 1899, after the Malolos Constitution was ratified, the Universidad Literia de Filipinas was established in Malolos, Bulacan. It offered Law as well as Medicine, Surgery and Notary Public; Academia Militar which was established on October 25, 1898; and The Burgos Institute, an exclusive school for boys.

Philippine-American War

Tensions remained during the Philippine-American War. Aguinaldo and his men fled to Northern Luzón, trying to resist the American forces. On April 1, 1901, Aguinaldo announced allegiance to the United States, formally ending the First Republic and recognizing the sovereignty of the United States over the Philippines.

Cabinet

OFFICE	NAME
President	Emilio Aguinaldo
Prime Minister	Apolinario Mabini
	Pedro Paterno
Minister of Foreign Affairs	Apolinario Mabini
	Felipe Buencamino
Minister of Finance and War	Gen. Mariano Trías
Minister of Interior	Teodoro Sandico
	Severino de las Alas
Minister of War	Baldomero Aguinaldo
Minister of Welfare	Gracio Gonzaga
Minister of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce	León María Guerrero
Minister of Finance	Hugo Ilagan
Minister of Public Instruction	Águedo Velarde
Minister of Public Works and Communications	Máximo Paterno

References

• The Malolos Republic
• The First Philippine Republic at Malolos
• The Malolos Constitution (Translated in English)