Aside from his film work, McGregor has starred in theatre productions of Guys and Dolls. He also appeared in television series such as The Scarlet and the Black, Lipstick On Your Collar, Tales from the Crypt, and ER. He was ranked No.36 in Empire magazine's "The Top 100 Movie Stars of All Time" list. In his personal life, McGregor has admitted to once being an alcoholic and battling with depression.
Biography
Early life and career
McGregor was born in the Perth Royal Infirmary, was brought up in the nearby small town of Crieff, Scotland, and went to the independent fee-paying school Morrison's Academy. His mother, Carol Diane (née Lawson), is a teacher and school administrator, and his father, James Charles Stuart McGregor, is a physical education teacher. His mother is the sister of actor Denis Lawson, the sister-in-law of the late actress Sheila Gish, and the step-aunt of the late Lou Gish. McGregor attended Guildhall School of Music and Drama in 1988 to study drama. Six months before graduating, he won a leading role in Dennis Potter's six-part BBC series Lipstick on Your Collar, and has been working steadily ever since. McGregor made his feature film debut in 1993 in Bill Forsyth's Being Human. The following year, he earned widespread praise and won an Empire Award for his performance in the thriller Shallow Grave, which marked his first collaboration with director Danny Boyle. His major international breakthrough soon followed with the role of heroin addict Mark Renton in Boyle's film version of Irvine Welsh's Trainspotting (1996).Leading man
McGregor has been featured as the male romantic lead in Hollywood films such as Moulin Rouge! and Down With Love, and in the British film Little Voice. He received excellent reviews for his performance as an amoral drifter mixed up in murder in the Scottish film Young Adam (2003), which co-starred the acclaimed British actress Tilda Swinton.
He took on the role of a younger Obi-Wan Kenobi in the Star Wars prequel trilogy, a role originally made famous by Sir Alec Guinness in the original Star Wars films. McGregor took very special care (especially in Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith) in his portrayal of Kenobi to ensure that Obi-Wan's mannerisms, speech timings, and accents closely resemble Obi-Wan's "Alec Guinness Self". In appearing in Star Wars films, he was continuing a family tradition of sorts: his uncle, Denis Lawson, had played Wedge Antilles in the original Star Wars trilogy. McGregor was offered the lead role as James Bond in the 2006 reboot Casino Royale but he turned it down because he feared becoming typecast.
McGregor is one of the few major male actors to repeatedly do full-frontal nudity in many of his films, including Trainspotting, Velvet Goldmine, The Pillow Book, and Young Adam. He also played gay and bisexual characters in Peter Greenaway's The Pillow Book (1996) and Todd Haynes' Velvet Goldmine (1998).
In 2005, McGregor lent his voice to two successful animated features; the robot Rodney Copperbottom in Robots, which also featured the voices of Halle Berry and Robin Williams; and the lead character in Gary Chapman's Valiant, alongside Jim Broadbent, John Cleese and Ricky Gervais. Additionally in 2005, McGregor played two roles (one a clone of the other) opposite Scarlett Johansson in Michael Bay's The Island and then appeared in Marc Forster's Stay, a psychological thriller co-starring Naomi Watts and Ryan Gosling.
McGregor has narrated the STV show JetSet, a Scottish series following the lives of student pilots and navigators at RAF Lossiemouth as they undergo a gruelling six-month course learning to fly the Tornado GR4—the RAF's primary attack aircraft. In theatre, he starred alongside Jane Krakowski, Douglas Hodge, and Jenna Russell in the original Donmar Warehouse production of Guys and Dolls in London at the Piccadilly Theatre. He played the leading role of Sky Masterson, made famous by Marlon Brando in the movie, and he received the LastMinute.com award for Best Actor in 2005. He was also nominated for a Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor in a Musical. McGregor appears opposite Colin Farrell in Cassandra's Dream, and will co-star with Daniel Craig in Dan Harris' upcoming film adaptation of Glen Duncan's novel I, Lucifer.
From December 2007 to February 2008, he starred as Iago in Othello at the Donmar Warehouse alongside Chiwetel Ejiofor as Othello and Kelly Reilly as Desdemona, a role he will reprise on BBC Radio 3 in May 2008.
Personal life
On 22 July 1995, in a village in France, McGregor married Eve Mavrakis, a French production designer, who he met while filming a guest appearance on the British television series Kavanagh QC. They have two daughters together, Clara Mathilde (born February 1996) and Esther Rose (born 7 November 2001). In April 2006, McGregor and his wife adopted Jamiyan, a four-year-old girl from Mongolia (born June 2001). They currently reside in North London. McGregor refuses to talk about his family in interviews; "because it's private." During the "fly-on-the-wall" filming of preparation for the Long Way Round and Long Way Down journeys, McGregor went to great lengths to keep his children and information that could reveal the location of his house away from the cameras. Unlike travelling companion Charley Boorman, whose daughters often appeared in front of the cameras, McGregor's children were not present at the send-off or any other filmed parts of either adventure.A keen motorcyclist since his youth, McGregor undertook a marathon motorcycle trip with his friend Charley Boorman and cameraman Claudio von Planta in 2004. From mid-April to the end of July, they travelled from London to New York via central Europe, Ukraine, Russia (including Siberia), Kazakhstan, Mongolia, and Canada on BMW R1150GS Adventure motorcycles, for a cumulative distance of 22,345 miles (35,960 km). The trip formed the basis of a television series and a best-selling book, both called Long Way Round. En route the Long Way Round team took time out to see some of UNICEF's work in Ukraine, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia. The Long Way Round team reunited in 2007 for another motorcycle trip from John o' Groats in Scotland to Cape Town in South Africa. The journey, entitled Long Way Down lasted from 12 May until 5 August 2007.
McGregor once criticized fellow Scottish actor Sean Connery, saying that he resented being told how to feel about Scotland "by someone who hadn't lived there in 25 years". However, he later apologised to Connery, after Scottish National Party leader Alex Salmond, for whose party Connery is an occasional spokesman, contacted him about the statement.
McGregor's brother, Colin, is a Tornado GR4 pilot in the Royal Air Force. Colin joined the motorcycle team during the early stages of the Long Way Down journey. His father Jim McGregor also rode on sections of both Long Way Round and Long Way Down, while his mother Carol surprised him in the latter stages of his African journey, serving him a can of Coca-Cola at a lodge in Malawi.
In an episode of Parkinson in 2007, McGregor claimed that he has given up alcohol after a period where he was arguably a functioning alcoholic, and that he has not had a drink in seven years. He has since been relatively open about his battles with clinical depression. In 2008, he had a cancerous mole removed from underneath his right eye.
Filmography
| Year | Film | Role | Other notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1993 | Being Human | Alvarez | |
| 1994 | Shallow Grave | Alex Law | Empire Award - Best British Actor |
| 1995 | Blue Juice | Dean Raymond | |
| 1996 | Trainspotting | Mark Renton | Scottish BAFTA Awards - Best Actor in a Leading Role Empire Awards - Best British Actor ALFS Awards - British Actor of the Year Nominated: MTV Movie Awards - Best Breakthrough Performance |
| The Pillow Book | Jerome | ||
| Emma | Frank Churchill | ||
| Brassed Off | Andy | ||
| 1997 | Nightwatch | Martin Bells | |
| The Serpent's Kiss | Meneer Chrome | ||
| A Life Less Ordinary | Robert Lewis | Empire Awards - Best British Actor Nominated: MTV Movie Award - Best Dance Sequence (shared with Cameron Diaz) | |
| 1998 | Desserts | Stroller | |
| Velvet Goldmine | Curt Wild | ||
| Little Voice | Billy | Nominated: Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture - shared with Annette Badland Brenda Blethyn Jim Broadbent Michael Caine Jane Horrocks Philip Jackson | |
| 1999 | Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace | Obi-Wan Kenobi | Nominated: Saturn Award - Best Supporting Actor Nominated: Blockbuster Entertainment Awards - Favorite Actor; Action/Science Fiction Nominated: MTV Movie Award - Best Fight, shared with Liam Neeson and Ray Park |
| Rogue Trader | Nick Leeson | ||
| Eye of the Beholder | Stephen Wilson | ||
| 2000 | Nora | James Joyce | Nominated: Irish Film and Television Awards - Best Actor |
| 2001 | Moulin Rouge! | Christian | ALFS Awards - British Actor of the Year Empire Awards - Best British Actor MTV Movie Award - Best Musical Sequence (shared with Nicole Kidman) Golden Satellite Award - Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture, Comedy or Musical Nominated: Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy Nominated - Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture - shared with Jim Broadbent, Nicole Kidman, John Leguizamo, Richard Roxburgh Nominated: Australian Film Institute Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role Nominated: Film Critics Circle of Australia Awards - Best Actor Nominated: MTV Movie Award - Best Kiss (shared with Nicole Kidman) |
| Black Hawk Down | SPC John Grimes | Nominated: Phoenix Film Critics Society Awards - Best Acting Ensemble (shared with Eric Bana, Ewen Bremner, William Fichtner, Josh Hartnett, Jason Isaacs, Sam Shepard, Tom Sizemore) | |
| 2002 | Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones | Obi-Wan Kenobi | |
| 2003 | Down with Love | Catcher Block | |
| Young Adam | Joe Taylor | Scottish BAFTA Awards - Best Actor In A Leading Role Nominated: British Independent Film Award - Best Actor Nominated: Empire Awards - Best British Actor | |
| Faster | Narrator (voice) | ||
| Big Fish | Young Edward Bloom | ||
| 2005 | Robots | Rodney Copperbottom (voice) | |
| Valiant | Valiant (voice) | ||
| Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith | Obi-Wan Kenobi | Nominated: MTV Movie Awards - Best Fight (shared with Hayden Christensen) Nominated: MTV Movie Awards - Best Hero | |
| The Island | Lincoln Six Echo/Tom Lincoln | ||
| Stay | Sam Foster | ||
| 2006 | Scenes of a Sexual Nature | Billy | |
| Miss Potter | Norman Warne | ||
| Stormbreaker | Ian Rider | ||
| 2007 | Cassandra's Dream | Ian | |
| 2008 | Deception | Jonathan | |
| Incendiary | Jasper Black | awaiting release | |
| Jackboots on Whitehall | Chris (voice) | post-production | |
| 2009 | I Love You Phillip Morris | Phillip Morris | post-production |
| Amelia | Gene Vidal | post-production | |
| Angels & Demons | Carlo Ventresca | filming |
Television
- The Scarlet and the Black (1993)
- Lipstick On Your Collar (1993)
- Tales from the Crypt - Cold War (1996)
- ER (1997)
- Long Way Round (2004)
- Long Way Down (2007)
- Star Wars live-action TV series (2009 or 2010)
Discography
- "Gimme Danger" single (Soundtrack for movie Velvet Goldmine Cover version of original song by The Stooges - 1998)
- "TV Eye" single (Soundtrack for movie Velvet Goldmine Cover version of original song by The Stooges - 1998)
- "Come What May" Single (Duet with Nicole Kidman - October 2001) UK #27
- "Your Song" single
- "Elephant Love Medley" single (Duet with Nicole Kidman - October 2001)
References
Further reading
- Adams, Billy. Ewan McGregor: The Unauthorized Biography. Overlooks Press, 1999. ISBN 0879517042
- Bassom, David. Ewan McGregor: An Illustrated Story. Hamlyn, 1999. ISBN 0600596532
- Jones, Veda Boyd. Ewan McGregor. Facts On File Inc., 1999. ISBN 0791055019
- Nickson, Chris. Ewan McGregor: An Unauthorized Biography. Macmillan, 1999. ISBN 0312969104
- Pendreigh, Brian. Ewan McGregor. Thunder's Mouth Press, 1999. ISBN 1560252391
- Robb, Brian J. Ewan McGregor: From Junkie to Jedi. Plexus, 1999. ISBN 0859652769
External links
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
Last updated on Wednesday October 08, 2008 at 11:53:09 PDT (GMT -0700)
View this article at Wikipedia.org - Edit this article at Wikipedia.org - Donate to the Wikimedia Foundation
Aside from his film work, McGregor has starred in theatre productions of Guys and Dolls. He also appeared in television series such as The Scarlet and the Black, Lipstick On Your Collar, Tales from the Crypt, and ER. He was ranked No.36 in Empire magazine's "The Top 100 Movie Stars of All Time" list. In his personal life, McGregor has admitted to once being an alcoholic and battling with depression.
Biography
Early life and career
McGregor was born in the Perth Royal Infirmary, was brought up in the nearby small town of Crieff, Scotland, and went to the independent fee-paying school Morrison's Academy. His mother, Carol Diane (née Lawson), is a teacher and school administrator, and his father, James Charles Stuart McGregor, is a physical education teacher. His mother is the sister of actor Denis Lawson, the sister-in-law of the late actress Sheila Gish, and the step-aunt of the late Lou Gish. McGregor attended Guildhall School of Music and Drama in 1988 to study drama. Six months before graduating, he won a leading role in Dennis Potter's six-part BBC series Lipstick on Your Collar, and has been working steadily ever since. McGregor made his feature film debut in 1993 in Bill Forsyth's Being Human. The following year, he earned widespread praise and won an Empire Award for his performance in the thriller Shallow Grave, which marked his first collaboration with director Danny Boyle. His major international breakthrough soon followed with the role of heroin addict Mark Renton in Boyle's film version of Irvine Welsh's Trainspotting (1996).Leading man
McGregor has been featured as the male romantic lead in Hollywood films such as Moulin Rouge! and Down With Love, and in the British film Little Voice. He received excellent reviews for his performance as an amoral drifter mixed up in murder in the Scottish film Young Adam (2003), which co-starred the acclaimed British actress Tilda Swinton.
He took on the role of a younger Obi-Wan Kenobi in the Star Wars prequel trilogy, a role originally made famous by Sir Alec Guinness in the original Star Wars films. McGregor took very special care (especially in Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith) in his portrayal of Kenobi to ensure that Obi-Wan's mannerisms, speech timings, and accents closely resemble Obi-Wan's "Alec Guinness Self". In appearing in Star Wars films, he was continuing a family tradition of sorts: his uncle, Denis Lawson, had played Wedge Antilles in the original Star Wars trilogy. McGregor was offered the lead role as James Bond in the 2006 reboot Casino Royale but he turned it down because he feared becoming typecast.
McGregor is one of the few major male actors to repeatedly do full-frontal nudity in many of his films, including Trainspotting, Velvet Goldmine, The Pillow Book, and Young Adam. He also played gay and bisexual characters in Peter Greenaway's The Pillow Book (1996) and Todd Haynes' Velvet Goldmine (1998).
In 2005, McGregor lent his voice to two successful animated features; the robot Rodney Copperbottom in Robots, which also featured the voices of Halle Berry and Robin Williams; and the lead character in Gary Chapman's Valiant, alongside Jim Broadbent, John Cleese and Ricky Gervais. Additionally in 2005, McGregor played two roles (one a clone of the other) opposite Scarlett Johansson in Michael Bay's The Island and then appeared in Marc Forster's Stay, a psychological thriller co-starring Naomi Watts and Ryan Gosling.
McGregor has narrated the STV show JetSet, a Scottish series following the lives of student pilots and navigators at RAF Lossiemouth as they undergo a gruelling six-month course learning to fly the Tornado GR4—the RAF's primary attack aircraft. In theatre, he starred alongside Jane Krakowski, Douglas Hodge, and Jenna Russell in the original Donmar Warehouse production of Guys and Dolls in London at the Piccadilly Theatre. He played the leading role of Sky Masterson, made famous by Marlon Brando in the movie, and he received the LastMinute.com award for Best Actor in 2005. He was also nominated for a Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor in a Musical. McGregor appears opposite Colin Farrell in Cassandra's Dream, and will co-star with Daniel Craig in Dan Harris' upcoming film adaptation of Glen Duncan's novel I, Lucifer.
From December 2007 to February 2008, he starred as Iago in Othello at the Donmar Warehouse alongside Chiwetel Ejiofor as Othello and Kelly Reilly as Desdemona, a role he will reprise on BBC Radio 3 in May 2008.
Personal life
On 22 July 1995, in a village in France, McGregor married Eve Mavrakis, a French production designer, who he met while filming a guest appearance on the British television series Kavanagh QC. They have two daughters together, Clara Mathilde (born February 1996) and Esther Rose (born 7 November 2001). In April 2006, McGregor and his wife adopted Jamiyan, a four-year-old girl from Mongolia (born June 2001). They currently reside in North London. McGregor refuses to talk about his family in interviews; "because it's private." During the "fly-on-the-wall" filming of preparation for the Long Way Round and Long Way Down journeys, McGregor went to great lengths to keep his children and information that could reveal the location of his house away from the cameras. Unlike travelling companion Charley Boorman, whose daughters often appeared in front of the cameras, McGregor's children were not present at the send-off or any other filmed parts of either adventure.A keen motorcyclist since his youth, McGregor undertook a marathon motorcycle trip with his friend Charley Boorman and cameraman Claudio von Planta in 2004. From mid-April to the end of July, they travelled from London to New York via central Europe, Ukraine, Russia (including Siberia), Kazakhstan, Mongolia, and Canada on BMW R1150GS Adventure motorcycles, for a cumulative distance of 22,345 miles (35,960 km). The trip formed the basis of a television series and a best-selling book, both called Long Way Round. En route the Long Way Round team took time out to see some of UNICEF's work in Ukraine, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia. The Long Way Round team reunited in 2007 for another motorcycle trip from John o' Groats in Scotland to Cape Town in South Africa. The journey, entitled Long Way Down lasted from 12 May until 5 August 2007.
McGregor once criticized fellow Scottish actor Sean Connery, saying that he resented being told how to feel about Scotland "by someone who hadn't lived there in 25 years". However, he later apologised to Connery, after Scottish National Party leader Alex Salmond, for whose party Connery is an occasional spokesman, contacted him about the statement.
McGregor's brother, Colin, is a Tornado GR4 pilot in the Royal Air Force. Colin joined the motorcycle team during the early stages of the Long Way Down journey. His father Jim McGregor also rode on sections of both Long Way Round and Long Way Down, while his mother Carol surprised him in the latter stages of his African journey, serving him a can of Coca-Cola at a lodge in Malawi.
In an episode of Parkinson in 2007, McGregor claimed that he has given up alcohol after a period where he was arguably a functioning alcoholic, and that he has not had a drink in seven years. He has since been relatively open about his battles with clinical depression. In 2008, he had a cancerous mole removed from underneath his right eye.
Filmography
| Year | Film | Role | Other notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1993 | Being Human | Alvarez | |
| 1994 | Shallow Grave | Alex Law | Empire Award - Best British Actor |
| 1995 | Blue Juice | Dean Raymond | |
| 1996 | Trainspotting | Mark Renton | Scottish BAFTA Awards - Best Actor in a Leading Role Empire Awards - Best British Actor ALFS Awards - British Actor of the Year Nominated: MTV Movie Awards - Best Breakthrough Performance |
| The Pillow Book | Jerome | ||
| Emma | Frank Churchill | ||
| Brassed Off | Andy | ||
| 1997 | Nightwatch | Martin Bells | |
| The Serpent's Kiss | Meneer Chrome | ||
| A Life Less Ordinary | Robert Lewis | Empire Awards - Best British Actor Nominated: MTV Movie Award - Best Dance Sequence (shared with Cameron Diaz) | |
| 1998 | Desserts | Stroller | |
| Velvet Goldmine | Curt Wild | ||
| Little Voice | Billy | Nominated: Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture - shared with Annette Badland Brenda Blethyn Jim Broadbent Michael Caine Jane Horrocks Philip Jackson | |
| 1999 | Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace | Obi-Wan Kenobi | Nominated: Saturn Award - Best Supporting Actor Nominated: Blockbuster Entertainment Awards - Favorite Actor; Action/Science Fiction Nominated: MTV Movie Award - Best Fight, shared with Liam Neeson and Ray Park |
| Rogue Trader | Nick Leeson | ||
| Eye of the Beholder | Stephen Wilson | ||
| 2000 | Nora | James Joyce | Nominated: Irish Film and Television Awards - Best Actor |
| 2001 | Moulin Rouge! | Christian | ALFS Awards - British Actor of the Year Empire Awards - Best British Actor MTV Movie Award - Best Musical Sequence (shared with Nicole Kidman) Golden Satellite Award - Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture, Comedy or Musical Nominated: Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy Nominated - Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture - shared with Jim Broadbent, Nicole Kidman, John Leguizamo, Richard Roxburgh Nominated: Australian Film Institute Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role Nominated: Film Critics Circle of Australia Awards - Best Actor Nominated: MTV Movie Award - Best Kiss (shared with Nicole Kidman) |
| Black Hawk Down | SPC John Grimes | Nominated: Phoenix Film Critics Society Awards - Best Acting Ensemble (shared with Eric Bana, Ewen Bremner, William Fichtner, Josh Hartnett, Jason Isaacs, Sam Shepard, Tom Sizemore) | |
| 2002 | Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones | Obi-Wan Kenobi | |
| 2003 | Down with Love | Catcher Block | |
| Young Adam | Joe Taylor | Scottish BAFTA Awards - Best Actor In A Leading Role Nominated: British Independent Film Award - Best Actor Nominated: Empire Awards - Best British Actor | |
| Faster | Narrator (voice) | ||
| Big Fish | Young Edward Bloom | ||
| 2005 | Robots | Rodney Copperbottom (voice) | |
| Valiant | Valiant (voice) | ||
| Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith | Obi-Wan Kenobi | Nominated: MTV Movie Awards - Best Fight (shared with Hayden Christensen) Nominated: MTV Movie Awards - Best Hero | |
| The Island | Lincoln Six Echo/Tom Lincoln | ||
| Stay | Sam Foster | ||
| 2006 | Scenes of a Sexual Nature | Billy | |
| Miss Potter | Norman Warne | ||
| Stormbreaker | Ian Rider | ||
| 2007 | Cassandra's Dream | Ian | |
| 2008 | Deception | Jonathan | |
| Incendiary | Jasper Black | awaiting release | |
| Jackboots on Whitehall | Chris (voice) | post-production | |
| 2009 | I Love You Phillip Morris | Phillip Morris | post-production |
| Amelia | Gene Vidal | post-production | |
| Angels & Demons | Carlo Ventresca | filming |
Television
- The Scarlet and the Black (1993)
- Lipstick On Your Collar (1993)
- Tales from the Crypt - Cold War (1996)
- ER (1997)
- Long Way Round (2004)
- Long Way Down (2007)
- Star Wars live-action TV series (2009 or 2010)
Discography
- "Gimme Danger" single (Soundtrack for movie Velvet Goldmine Cover version of original song by The Stooges - 1998)
- "TV Eye" single (Soundtrack for movie Velvet Goldmine Cover version of original song by The Stooges - 1998)
- "Come What May" Single (Duet with Nicole Kidman - October 2001) UK #27
- "Your Song" single
- "Elephant Love Medley" single (Duet with Nicole Kidman - October 2001)
References
Further reading
- Adams, Billy. Ewan McGregor: The Unauthorized Biography. Overlooks Press, 1999. ISBN 0879517042
- Bassom, David. Ewan McGregor: An Illustrated Story. Hamlyn, 1999. ISBN 0600596532
- Jones, Veda Boyd. Ewan McGregor. Facts On File Inc., 1999. ISBN 0791055019
- Nickson, Chris. Ewan McGregor: An Unauthorized Biography. Macmillan, 1999. ISBN 0312969104
- Pendreigh, Brian. Ewan McGregor. Thunder's Mouth Press, 1999. ISBN 1560252391
- Robb, Brian J. Ewan McGregor: From Junkie to Jedi. Plexus, 1999. ISBN 0859652769
External links
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
Last updated on Wednesday October 08, 2008 at 11:53:09 PDT (GMT -0700)
View this article at Wikipedia.org - Edit this article at Wikipedia.org - Donate to the Wikimedia Foundation
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