Erythroxylum (=Erythroxylon) is a genus of tropical flowering plants in the family Erythroxylaceae. One of the 250 species in the genus is Erythroxylum coca, the source of the drug cocaine and the mild stimulant coca tea.
Another species, Erythroxylum vacciniifolium is used as an aphrodisiac in Brazilian herbal medicine.
Erythroxylum species are food sources for the larvae of some butterflies and moths, including Dalcera abrasa, which has been recorded on E. deciduum.