Elis

Elis, region of ancient Greece, in W Peloponnesus, W of Arcadia. It was divided into three parts—Elis proper, Pisatis, and Triphylia. A plain watered by the Alpheus and the Peneus rivers, Elis was notable as a place for breeding horses and growing flax. The Olympic games were held at Olympia. Other important cities were Pisa and Elis. The Elians were early allied with the Spartans but fell out with them in 420 B.C. As a result, Elis lost (399 B.C.) Triphylia. Elis declined after the Olympic games were suppressed in the 4th cent. A.D.

modern Iliá

Ancient Greek region and city-state, northwestern Peloponnese, Greece. Bounded by Achaea, Arcadia, Messenia, and the Ionian Sea, the region was known for its horse breeding and was the site of the Olympic Games. As an ally of Athens in the Peloponnesian War, Elis lost much of its territory. Later, by emphasizing the sanctity of the Olympic Games, it regained some land and even some independence after the Roman occupation of Greece (146 BC), only to disintegrate with the collapse of the Roman Empire. The modern locality contains the archaeological site of Olympia, scene of the games.

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Elis, or Eleia (Greek, Modern: Ήλιδα Ilida, Ancient: Ἦλις Ēlis, Doric: Ἆλις Alis , Elean : Ϝάλις Walis) is an ancient district, that corresponds with the modern Elis Prefecture. It is in southern Greece on the Peloponnesos peninsula, bounded on the north by Achaea, east by Arcadia, south by Messenia, and west by the Ionian Sea.

The first Olympic festival was organized in Elean land, Olympia, Greece by the authorities of Elis in the 8th century BCE - with tradition dating the first games at 776 BCE. The Hellanodikai, the judges of the Games, were of Elean origin.

The local form of the name was Valis, or Valeia, and its meaning, in all probability, “the lowland.” In its physical constitution Elis is practically one with Achaea and Arcadia; its mountains are mere offshoots of the Arcadian highlands, and its principal rivers are fed by Arcadian springs.

Elis was divided into three districts:

• Hollow (Coele) or Lowland Elis,
• Pisatis, or the territory of Pisa, and
• Triphylia, or the country of the three tribes.

Hollow Elis, the largest and most northern of the three, was watered by the Peneus and its tributary the Ladon. The district was famous in antiquity for its cattle and horses. Pisatis extended south from Hollow Elis to the right bank of the Alpheus, and was divided into eight departments called after as many towns. Triphylia stretches south from the Alpheus to the Neda.

Today Elis is a small village of 150 citizens, located 14km NE of Amaliada, build over the ruins of the ancient town. It has a museum that contains many treasures, discovered in the recent excavations. It also has one of the most well-preserved Ancient Theaters in Greece. Elis is well known for breeding horses and its "creation" of the Olympic games.

List of Eleans

Athletes

• Coroebus of Elis, the first Ancient Olympic gold-medalist

Kings and Leaders

• Salmoneus, mythological king of Elis
• Aethlius, mythological king of Elis
• Endymion (mythology)
• Epeius
• Aetolus
• Augeas, king of Elis related to the Fifth Labour of Heracles
• Amphimachus, king of Elis and leader of Eleans in Trojan War
• Thalpius, leader of Eleans in Trojan War
• Oxylus, king of Elis

Intellectuals

• Hippias of Elis, Greek sophist
• Phaedo of Elis, founder of the Elean School
• Pyrrho
• Troilus (4th century BC) athlete

Eleans as barbarians

Eleans were labelled as the greatest barbarians barbarotatoi by musician Stratonicus of Athens

And when he was once asked by some one who were the wickedest people, he said, “That in Pamphylia, the people of Phaselis were the worst; but that the Sidetae were the worst in the whole world.” And when he was asked again, according to the account given by Hegesander, which were the greatest barbarians, the Boeotians or the Thessalians he said, ” The Eleans.”

In Hesychius(s.v. βαρβαρόφωνοι) and other ancient lexica Eleans are also listed as barbarophones. Indeed the North-West Doric dialect of Elis is, after the Aeolic dialects, one of the most difficult for the modern reader of epigraphic texts

References

External links

• Map from the Hellenic Ministry of Culture