In order to accommodate the 10 year cycle of reapportionment, the terms of office of the several Senators are staggered so that 10 Senators are elected to terms of 2 years at the first biennial general election following reapportionment, followed by two 4 year terms, and 11 Senators are elected at the said election for two 4 year terms, followed by a 2 year term.
Like other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the federal U.S. Senate, the Senate can confirm or reject gubernatorial appointments to the state cabinet, commissions, boards, or justices to the Delaware Supreme Court.
The President of the Senate is Delaware Lieutenant Governor John C. Carney, Jr. The President Pro Tempore is Democrat Thurman Adams, Jr. of District 19 (Bridgeville).
The current leadership for the 144th senate is as follows:
Sen. Anthony DeLuca, Majority Leader
Sen. Patricia Blevins, Majority Whip
Sen. Charles L. Copeland, Minority Leader
Sen. Liane M. Sorenson, Minority Whip
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| Affiliation | Members | |
| Democratic Party | 13 | |
| Republican Party | 8 | |
| Total | 21 | |
| Majority | 5 | |