December 31

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It is the final day of the Gregorian year. The day following is January 1 of the next year.

Events

406 - Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia.
535 - Byzantine General Belisarius completes the conquest of Sicily, defeating the Ostrogothic garrison of Syracuse, and ending his consulship for the year.
1229 - James I of Aragon the Conqueror enters Medina Mayurqa (now known as Palma de Mallorca, Spain) thus consummating the Christian conquest of the island of Mallorca.
1599 - British East India Company is chartered.
1660 - James II of England is named Duke of Normandy by Louis XIV of France.
1687 - The first Huguenots set sail from France to the Cape of Good Hope.
1695 - A window tax is imposed in England, causing many shopkeepers to brick up their windows to avoid the tax.
1775 - American Revolutionary War: Battle of Quebec British forces repulse an attack by Continental Army generals Richard Montgomery and Benedict Arnold.
1831 - Gramercy Park is deeded to New York City.
1857 - Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom chooses Ottawa, Ontario, as the capital of Canada.
1862 - American Civil War: Abraham Lincoln signs an act that admits West Virginia to the Union, thus dividing Virginia in two.
1862 - American Civil War: The Battle of Stones River is fought near Murfreesboro, Tennessee.
1879 - Thomas Edison demonstrates incandescent lighting to the public for the first time.
1891 - A new immigration depot was opened on Ellis Island, New York.
1904 - The first New Year's Eve celebration is held in Times Square, then known as Longacre Square, in New York, New York.
1909 - Manhattan Bridge opens.
1923 - The chimes of Big Ben are broadcast on radio for the first time by the BBC.
1944 - World War II: Hungary declares war on Germany.
1946 - President Harry Truman officially proclaims the end of hostilities in World War II.
1955 - The General Motors Corporation becomes the first U.S. corporation to make over $1 billion USD in a year.
1960 - The farthing coin ceases to be legal tender in the United Kingdom.
1961 - The Marshall Plan expires after distributing more than $12 billion USD in foreign aid to rebuild Europe.
1963 - The Central African Federation officially collapses and splits into Zambia, Malawi and Rhodesia.
1981 - Coup d'état in Ghana removes President Hilla Limann's PNP government and replaces it with the Provisional National Defence Council led by Flight Lieutenant Jerry Rawlings.
1983 - The AT&T Bell System is broken up by the United States Government.
1987 - Robert Mugabe assumes office as President of Zimbabwe.
1986 - A fire at the Dupont Plaza Hotel in San Juan, Puerto Rico, kills 97 and injures 140.
1991 - The Soviet Union is officially dissolved.
1994 - This date is skipped altogether in Kiribati as the Phoenix Islands and Line Islands change time zones from UTC-11 to UTC+13 and UTC-10 to UTC+14, respectively.
1997 - Quaker Oats settles a lawsuit involving the immoral use of child subjects in radioactivity experiments from around 1945-1956.
1998 - Exchange rates between the euro and legacy currencies in the Eurozone become fixed.
1999 - Boris Yeltsin resigns as President of Russia, leaving Prime Minister Vladimir Putin as the acting President.
1999 - Five hijackers, who had been holding 155 hostages on an Indian Airlines plane, leave the plane with two Islamic clerics that they had demanded be freed.
1999 - The United States Government hands Panama Canal control over to Panama as well all the adjacent land to the canal known as the Panama Canal Zone. This act complied with the signing of the 1977 Torrijos-Carter Treaties.
2004 - The official opening of Taipei 101, the current tallest skyscraper in the world, standing at a height of 509 metres (1,670 feet).
2006 - The United Kingdom pays final installment of Second World War debt to the United States.
2007 - December 2007 Bocaue Fire. Seven people injured when a fire razed several fireworks stores in the Municipality of Bocaue, Bulacan, Philippines.

Births

1378 - Pope Callixtus III (d. 1458)
1491 - Jacques Cartier, French explorer (d. 1557)
1514 - Andreas Vesalius, Flemish anatomist (d. 1564)
1572 - Emperor Go-Yozei of Japan, (d. 1617)
1668 - Herman Boerhaave, Dutch humanist and physician (d. 1738)
1720 - Charles Edward Stuart, pretender to the British throne (d. 1788)
1738 - Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis, British general (d. 1805)
1741 - Isabella Maria of Parma, empress of Germany (d. 1763)
1763 - Pierre-Charles Villeneuve, French admiral (d. 1806)
1815 - George G. Meade, American Civil War general (d. 1872)
1830 - Isma'il Pasha, Governor of Egypt (d. 1895)
1860 - Joseph S. Cullinan, American oil industrialist (d. 1937)
1869 - Henri Matisse, French painter (d. 1954)
1877 - Lawrence Beesley, English journalist and author (d. 1967)
1878 - Elizabeth Arden, Canadian businesswoman (d. 1966)
1878 - Horacio Quiroga, Uruguayan-Argentinian writer (d. 1937)
1880 - George C. Marshall, United States Secretary of State, Nobel Laureate (d. 1959)
1880 - Fred Beebe, American baseball player (d. 1957)
1881 - Max Pechstein, German painter (d. 1955)
1882 - Martin O'Meara, Australian soldier (d. 1935)
1884 - Bobby Byrne, American baseball player (d. 1964)
1885 - Princess Victoria Adelaide of Schleswig-Holstein (d. 1970)
1894 - Pola Negri, Polish actress (d. 1987)
1899 - Silvestre Revueltas, Mexican composer (d. 1940)
1902 - Lionel Daunais, Quebec singer and composer (d. 1982)
1903 - Nathan Milstein, Ukrainian violinist (d. 1992)
1905 - Jule Styne, English-born composer (d. 1994)
1908 - Simon Wiesenthal, Austrian Holocaust survivor (d. 2005)
1909 - Jonah Jones, American jazz trumpeter (d. 2000)
1910 - Carl Dudley, American film director (d. 1973)
1912 - Maj-Gen John Frost, British para commander, Operation Market-Garden (d. 1993)
1919 - Tommy Byrne, American baseball player
1920 - Rex Allen, American actor, singer, and songwriter (d. 1999)
1924 - Taylor Mead, American actor
1928 - Siné, French cartoonist
1930 - Odetta, American singer
1931 - Bob Shaw, Irish writer (d. 1996)
1933 - Edward Bunker, American author and actor (d. 2005)
1934 - Akram Awan, Islamic scholar
1937 - Avram Hershko, Israeli biologist, Nobel laureate
1937 - Sir Anthony Hopkins, Welsh actor
1938 - Rosalind Cash, American actress (d. 1995)
1940 - Mani Neumeier, German musician (Guru Guru)
1941 - Sir Alex Ferguson, Scottish football manager
1941 - Sarah Miles, English actress
1942 - Andy Summers, British guitarist (The Police)
1943 - John Denver, American singer and songwriter (d. 1997)
1943 - Sir Ben Kingsley, English actor
1943 - Pete Quaife, English bassist (The Kinks)
1944 - Taylor Hackford, American producer and director
1945 - Diane von Fürstenberg, Belgian-born fashion designer
1945 - Barbara Carrera, Nicaraguan actress and model
1945 - Connie Willis, American writer
1946 - Pius Ncube, Zimbabwean human rights advocate
1947 - Burton Cummings, Canadian keyboardist (The Guess Who)
1947 - Tim Matheson, American actor
1947 - Rita Lee, Brazilian Rock Star
1948 - Donna Summer, American singer
1948 - René Robert, National Hockey League player
1949 - Ellen Datlow, American editor
1949 - Susan Shwartz, American writer
1951 - George Thorogood, American musician
1951 - Tom Hamilton, American bassist (Aerosmith)
1953 - James Remar, American actor
1953 - Jane Badler, American actress
1954 - Alex Salmond, Scottish politician
1954 - Hermann Tilke, German racing circuit architect
1955 - Dawood Ibrahim, Terrorist
1956 - Steve Rude, American comics artist
1958 - Bebe Neuwirth, American actress
1959 - Phill Kline, American politician
1959 - Val Kilmer, American actor
1959 - Paul Westerberg, American musician (The Replacements)
1960 - John Allen Muhammad, American serial killer
1960 - Steve Bruce, English football player & manager
1961 - Rick Aguilera, American baseball player
1961 - Nina Li Chi, Chinese actress
1962 - Heather McCartney, British activist
1963 - Scott Ian, American guitarist (Anthrax)
1963 - Konishiki, American sumo wrestler
1964 - Michael McDonald, American actor-comedian
1964 - Allen D'Nulderf, American stuntman
1964 - Lowri Turner, British TV presenter
1965 - Gong Li, Chinese actress
1965 - Nicholas Sparks, American author
1966 - Lisa Joyner, American entertainment reporter
1968 - Gerry Dee, Canadian comedian and actor
1969 - Kate Beahan, Australian actress
1969 - Dominik Diamond, presenter and newspaper columnist
1970 - Carlos Morales Quintana, husband of Princess Alexia of Greece and Denmark
1970 - Bryon Russell, American basketball player
1971 - Brent Barry, American basketball player
1971 - Esteban Loaiza, Mexican Major League Baseball player
1971 - Ricardo López Felipe, Spanish footballer
1972 - Joe McIntyre, American singer (New Kids on the Block)
1973 - Shandon Anderson, American basketball player
1973 - Malcolm Middleton, Scottish musician (Arab Strap)
1974 - Ryan Sakoda, Japanese American professional wrestler
1974 - Tony Kanaan, Brazilian racing driver
1975 - Toni Kuivasto, Finnish footballer
1977 - Wardy Alfaro, Costa Rican footballer
1977 - Donald Trump Jr., son of Donald Trump
1978 - Papoose, American rapper
1979 - Bob Bryar, American drummer (My Chemical Romance, Gerardolopoly)
1979 - Elaine Cassidy, Irish actress
1980 - Richie McCaw, New Zealand rugby player
1980 - Matt Cross, American professional wrestler
1981 - Jason Campbell, American football player
1981 - Matthew Pavlich, Australian football player
1982 - Julio DePaula, Dominican baseball player
1982 - Craig Gordon, Scottish footballer
1982 - Luke Schenscher, Australian basketball player
1987 - Javaris Crittenton, American basketball player
1987 - Émilie Le Pennec, French gymnast

Deaths

192 - Commodus, Roman Emperor (b. 161)
335 - St. Silvester, Pope
1164 - Margrave Ottokar III of Styria (b. 1124)
1194 - Duke Leopold V of Austria (killed at a tournament) (b. 1157)
1297 - Humphrey de Bohun, 3rd Earl of Hereford, English soldier (b. 1249)
1302 - Frederick III, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1238)
1384 - John Wycliffe, English theologian and Bible translator
1424 - Thomas Beaufort, 1st Duke of Exeter, English military leader
1460 - Edmund, Earl of Rutland, brother of Kings Edward IV of England and Richard III of England (executed) (b. 1443)
1460 - Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury, English politician (b. 1400)
1510 - Bianca Maria Sforza, wife of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1472)
1535 - William Skeffington, Lord Deputy of Ireland (b. 1465)
1568 - Shimazu Tadayoshi, Japanese warlord (b. 1493)
1575 - Pierino Belli, Italian soldier and jurist (b. 1502)
1583 - Thomas Erastus, Swiss theologian (b. 1524)
1610 - Ludolph van Ceulen, German mathematician (b. 1540)
1650 - Dorgon, Chinese emperor (b. 1612)
1673 - Oliver St John, English statesman and judge
1679 - Giovanni Alfonso Borelli, Italian physiologist and physicist (b. 1608)
1691 - Dudley North, English economist (b. 1641)
1719 - John Flamsteed, English astronomer (b. 1646)
1742 - Karl III Philip, Elector Palatine (b. 1661)
1799 - Jean-François Marmontel, French historian and writer (b. 1723)
1872 - Aleksis Kivi, Finnish author (b. 1834)
1877 - Gustave Courbet, French painter (b. 1819)
1888 - Samson Raphael Hirsch, German rabbi (b. 1808)
1889 - Ion Creangă, Romanian writer (b. 1837 or 1839)
1890 - Pancha Carrasco, Costa Rican war heroine (b. 1826)
1894 - Thomas Joannes Stieltjes, Dutch mathematician (b. 1856)
1905 - Alexander Popov, Russian physicist (b. 1859)
1910 - John Moisant, American aviator (b. 1868)
1910 - Arch Hoxsey, American aviator (b. 1884)
1921 - Boies Penrose, U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania (b. 1860)
1936 - Miguel de Unamuno, Spanish writer and philosopher (b. 1864)
1948 - Malcolm Campbell, English race car driver (b. 1885)
1952 - Hank Williams, American singer, guitarist, and songwriter (b.1923)
1953 - Albert Plesman, Dutch aviation pioneer (b. 1889)
1964 - Ólafur Thors, Prime Minister of Iceland (b. 1892)
1964 - Bobby Byrne, baseball player (b. 1884)
1969 - George Lewis, American clarinetist (b. 1900)
1971 - Pete Duel American actor (b. 1940)
1971 - Marin Sais, American actress (b. 1890)
1971 - Vikram Sarabhai, Indian physicist (b. 1919)
1972 - Roberto Clemente, Puerto Rican baseball player (b. 1934)
1977 - Sabah III Al-Salim Al-Sabah, ruler of Kuwait (b. 1924)
1980 - Marshall McLuhan, Canadian writer (b. 1911)
1980 - Raoul Walsh, American film director (b. 1887)
1985 - Rick Nelson, American singer (b. 1940)
1986 - Lloyd Haynes, American actor (b. 1934)
1990 - Vasili Lazarev, Soviet cosmonaut (b. 1928)
1990 - George Allen, American football coach
1993 - Maj-Gen John Frost, British para commander, Operation Market-Garden (b. 1912)
1993 - Zviad Gamsakhurdia, first President of Georgia (b. 1939)
1993 - Brandon Teena, Transsexual, murdered (b. 1972)
1994 - Woody Strode, American actor and decathlete (b. 1914)
1997 - Floyd Cramer, American musician (b. 1933)
1997 - Billie Dove, American actress (b. 1903)
1997 - Michael Kennedy, American politician (b. 1958)
1999 - Elliot Richardson, American politician (b. 1920)
2000 - Alan Cranston, American politician (b. 1914)
2000 - José Greco, Italian-born American flamenco dancer and choreographer (b. 1918)
2001 - Eileen Heckart, American actress (b. 1919)
2002 - Kevin MacMichael, American guitarist (Cutting Crew) (b. 1951)
2003 - Arthur R. von Hippel German-born physicist (b. 1898)
2004 - Gerard Debreu, French-born economist, Bank of Sweden Prize laureate (b. 1921)
2005 - Phillip Whitehead, British politician (b. 1937)
2005 - Enrico di Giuseppe, American tenor (b. 1932)
2006 - George Sisler, Jr., baseball executive (b. 1917)
2007 - Tommy Dickson, British footballer (b. 1929)
2007 - Tony Elliott, American football player (b. 1959)
2007 - Michael Goldberg, American painter (b. 1924)
2007 - Bill Idelson, American actor (b. 1919)
2007 - Kathryn Ish, American actress (b. 1936)
2007 - Milton L. Klein, Canadian politician (b. 1910)
2007 - Markku Peltola, Finnish actor and musician (b. 1956)
2007 - Ettore Sottsass, Italian architect and designer (b. 1917)

Holidays and observances

New Year's Eve on the Gregorian Calendar.
Hogmanay in Scotland.
Last Day of the Year Celebration, special non-working holiday in the Philippines.

External links

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Last updated on Thursday March 06, 2008 at 21:51:38 PST (GMT -0800)
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