D battery

D batteries are a electrochemical cell typically used in high current drain applications in products with motors, radio receivers and transmitters, portable entertainment systems, other electronics, flashlights, safety systems or those applications requiring extended run time. Non rechargeable cells are known as primary cells and are generally not recharged after use.

The D cell was standardized by ANSI as "13A" (alkaline) and is known internationally as LR20 (alkaline). The 13D is based on carbon-zinc chemistry, the 13D is marketed as a Heavy Duty cell.

Introduction

D sized batteries are composed of a single chamber or can packed with an electrolyte paste and electrode rod that may be either the positive terminal , as on non alkaline carbon zinc based cells or the negative terminal as in the alkaline based cells. D Batteries are more correctly referred to as D cells. The nominal output voltage of single-use D cells is 1.50 volts, while NiCd and NiMH rechargeable cells have a nominal voltage of 1.20 V. Specialty cells based on more exotic chemistries can operate at voltages as high as 1.6 V under load. The terminal voltage of a D cell is the same as an AAA, AA or C cell, however, they can supply current longer, i.e. they store more energy, than C, AA or AAA cells.

Capacity

Because of their larger size, which allows them to store a greater mass of anode material (an electrode that is consumed as it supplies electrical current), the D sized battery can supply power for a longer time than C, AA or AAA cells at equal current levels.

In some cases, rechargeable D batteries have significantly less capacity (as low as 1,800 mAh) than the primary or single use non-rechargeable type because they are internally only an AA or C cell. Many, however, are made as true D cells with greater capacities than their alkaline counterparts and any C or AA battery.

Battery type	Typical capacity in mAh
AA	2,400
C	7,800
D	12,000

See also

• List of battery sizes
• Alkaline battery
• NiMH battery

External links

• Brand Neutral Drawing Of Alkaline C Battery Based On ANSI Specifications
• Brand Neutral Drawing Of NiCd C Battery Based On ANSI Specifications
• Brand Neutral Drawing Of NiMH D Battery Based On ANSI Specifications
• Brand Neutral NiCd Batteries ANSI Specifications
• Brand Neutral Alkaline Batteries ANSI Specifications
• Brand Neutral Nickel Metal Hydride Batteries ANSI Specifications
• Duracell D Size Battery Specification For Alkaline Cell
• Duracell Overview Of Primary Alkaline Manganese Dioxide Systems
• Energizer D Size Battery Specification for Alkaline Cell
• Energizer Battery Handbook For Alkaline Manganese Dioxide Systems
• Energizer Manual On How Batteries Work
• ElectroChem Battery Modeling and Performance Guide